Table 2. Sample characteristics (n = 141).
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 68 (9.7) |
| Female gender, n (%) | 65 (46) |
| PD-duration (years), median (q1–q3) | 2 (1–6) |
| Cognition (MMSE), median (q1–q3) 1 | 28 (26–29) |
| Motor symptoms (UPDRS III), median (q1–q3) | 13 (8–18) |
| Dyskinesia (UPDRS IV, item 32), n (%) 2, a | 46 (33) |
| Severity of disease (H&Y), median (q1–q3) | 2 (2–3) |
| Daily total levodopa equivalent (LDE) dose (mg), median (q1–q3) b | 400 (286–600) |
| Dopamine agonist use, n (%) | 55 (39) |
| Functional balance performance (BBS), median (q1–q3) | 53 (48–55) |
| Comfortable gait speed (10MWT, m/s), mean (SD) | 1.14 (0.28) |
| Fatigue (FACIT-F), median (q1–q3) | 39 (29.5–44) |
| Pain, n (%) | 40 (28) |
| Walking difficulties (Walk-12G), median (q1–q3) | 8 (4–19.5) |
| Fear of falling (FES[S]), median (q1–q3) 3 | 118 (84–129) |
| History of falls past 6 months, n (%) | 34 (24) |
| History of near falls, n (%) | 50 (35) |
| Balance problems while dual-tasking, n (%) c | 68 (48) |
| Need help from others in daily activities (PADLS), n (%) 1, d | 13 (9) |
| Freezing of gait (item 3, FOGQsa), n (%) 1, e | 58 (41) |
| Turning hesitations (item 6, FOGQsa) n (%) 1, f | 49 (35) |
| Retropulsion (NRT), n (%) g | 35 (25) |
1One missing value
2Two missing values
3Four missing values
aItem 32 of the UPDRS part IV. Those scoring ≥1 were categorized as having dyskinesias.
bDerived according to Tomlinson et al. (2010).
cInvestigated with dichotomous question (Yes/No) “Do you experience balance problems while standing or walking when doing more than one thing at a time, e.g. carrying a tray while walking?”
dThose scoring >2 on the PADLS were categorized as needing help from others in daily activities.
eItem 3 (“freezing”) of the FOGQsa. Those scoring ≥1 were categorized as freezers.
fItem 6 (“turning hesitations”) of the FOGQsa. Those scoring ≥1 were categorized as having turning hesitations.
gScores ≥1 on the NRT were categorized as having retropulsion
BBS, Berg Balance Scale; FACIT-F, the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Fatigue; FES(S), Falls Efficacy Scale, (Swedish version); FOGQsa, Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, self-administered version; H&Y, Hoehn & Yahr stage; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; NRT, Nutt Retropulsion Test; PADLS, the Parkinson’s disease Activities of Daily Living Scale; PD, Parkinson’s disease; q1–q3, 1st-3rd quartile; SD, standard deviation; UPDRS III, part III (motor score) of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; UPDRS IV, part IV (complications of therapy), item 32; 10MWT, 10-Meter Walk Test; m/s, meters per second; Walk-12G, 12-item generic walking scale.