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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Prev Med. 2014 Oct 28;0:239–247. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.10.021

Table 2.

Intervention Effect on Medication Adherence Comparison between Treatment and Control Groups: Random-Effects Estimates and Tests

k Effect
size		 p (ES) 95%
Confidence interval		 Standard
error		 I2 Q p (Q)
Treatment vs. control all studies 55 0.211 <.001 0.109, 0.242 0.052 61.568 140.508 <.001
Treatment vs. control continuous data studies 28 0.243 <.001 0.076, 0.410 0.085 72.307 97.497 <.001
Treatment vs. control dichotomous data studies 27 0.167 .004 0.054, 0.279 0.057 36.673 41.057 .031
Treatment subjects pre- vs. post-comparisons* 47 0.418 <.001 0.293, 0.542 0.064 78.296 211.943 <.001
Control subjects pre- vs. post-comparisons** 24 −0.022 .697 −0.135, 0.090 0.058 51.139 47.072 .002

k denotes number of comparisons, Q is a conventional homogeneity statistic, I2 is the percentage of total variation among studies’ observed ES due to heterogeneity.

*

Four studies excluded as outliers.

**

Three studies excluded as outliers.