Table 3.

Dichotomous Moderator Results for Medication Adherence: Treatment vs. Control at Outcome

Moderator	k	Effect size	Standard error	Qbetween	p (Qbetween)
CULTURAL RELEVANCE MODERATORS
Intervention location				1.304	.354
Location familiar to subjects	3	0.422	0.133
Location not selected because it was familiar to subjects	52	0.196	0.053
Language				0.424	.515
Language specific to subjects	7	0.280	0.103
Language of participants not addressed in report	48	0.203	0.058
Intervention materials educational level				0.143	.705
Intervention designed for low educational level	3	0.145	0.181
Educational level of intervention not addressed in report	52	0.217	0.055
Cultural content				0.032	.857
Cultural content addressed in intervention	8	0.193	0.092
Cultural content not addressed	47	0.212	0.060
Peers as interventionist				0.500	.480
Cultural peers were interventionists	7	0.134	0.118
Report did not describe peer interventionists	48	0.227	0.058
Cultural sensitivity training of staff				2.388	.122
Cultural training provided for staff	5	0.420	0.141
No cultural sensitivity training reported for staff	50	0.185	0.056
Presence of any cultural relevance component				.033	.855
At least one cultural relevance component reported	15	0.201	0.072
No cultural relevance components	40	0.220	0.069
SAMPLE CHARACTERISTIC MODERATORS
Sample socio-economic status				2.428	.119
Reported low socio-economic status	22	0.126	0.071
Did not report low socio-economic status	33	0.288	0.126
Sample predominantly one underrepresented group				0.599	.439
Sample predominantly African-American	27	0.191	0.065
Sample predominantly Hispanic	7	0.306	0.134
Sample selected for poor medication adherence				3.737	0.053
Reported sample selected for poor medication adherence	12	0.425	0.125
Did not report targeting subjects with poor medication adherence	43	0.159	0.125
Sample disease				2.755	.097
All subjects had hypertension	15	0.053	0.076
All subjects HIV positive	23	0.246	0.088
RESEARCH METHODS MODERATORS
Allocation to treatment groups				0.015	.904
Randomization of individual subjects	44	0.216	0.056
Subjects not individually randomized	11	0.198	0.137
Allocation concealment				0.658	.417
Allocation concealed	14	0.145	0.096
Did not report allocation concealed	41	0.239	0.063
Data collector masking				8.132	.004
Data collectors masked to group assignment	14	0.050	0.069
Did not report data collectors masked to group assignment	41	0.293	0.054
Intention-to-treat approach				0.259	.611
Reported intention-to-treat approach	11	0.256	0.104
Did not report intention-to-treat approach	44	0.195	0.059
Outcome data				.554	.457
Continuous outcome data in primary report	28	0.243	0.085
Dichotomous outcome data in primary report	27	0.167	0.057

k denotes number of comparisons, effect size is standardized mean difference, Q is a conventional homogeneity statistic