Table 2.
Means and standard deviations (parenthesis) of reach distance, center of mass (COM) motion, and angular displacement of the thorax and lower extremity joints in the sagittal plane between functional reach (FR) and up-and-reach (UR) tasks for young and older adults
| Young adults | Old adults | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR | UR | FR | UR | |
| Reach distance/height | ||||
| Finger-finger distance** | 0.2076 (0.0332) | 0.1780 (0.0482) | 0.1822 (0.0396) | 0.1571 (0.0588) |
| Finger-toe distance** | 0.5212 (0.0329) | 0.5095 (0.0305) | 0.5113 (0.0343) | 0.5058 (0.0286) |
| COM motion/height | ||||
| Anterior displacement*,** | 0.0827 (0.0161) | 0.0656 (0.0220) | 0.0660 (0.0200) | 0.0520 (0.0198) |
| Downward displacement** | 0.0477 (0.0248) | 0.0421 (0.0313) | 0.0564 (0.0303) | 0.0380 (0.0284) |
| Anterior velocity (1/s)*** | 0.0220 (0.0115) | 0.0250 (0.0122) | 0.0119 (0.0074) | 0.0080 (0.0053) |
| Downward velocity (1/s)*** | 0.0121 (0.0080) | 0.0141 (0.0092) | 0.0093 (0.0063) | 0.0056 (0.0045) |
| Angular displacement (degree) | ||||
| Thorax flexion** | 42.64 (12.41) | 28.83 (26.68) | 44.98 (17.88) | 26.22 (19.14) |
| Hip flexion** | 31.17 (15.44) | 22.49 (19.49) | 38.88 (22.06) | 29.07 (23.08) |
| Knee extension | 1.69 (2.46) | 1.13 (15.91) | 1.81 (6.66) | 4.74 (15.04) |
| Ankle plantarflexion | 5.85 (3.29) | 6.37 (4.74) | 7.29 (3.81) | 7.76 (7.03) |
*p < 0.05 for age main effect; **p < 0.05 for task main effect; ***p < 0.05 for age × task interactions