Table 2.

Overall Meta-Analytic Association Size for Validated Variables With Negative Correlations With Income, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2006

Variable	Category	Association Size	Standard Error	P Value
Cadmium, blood	Heavy metals	−0.20	0.01	5.00E−101
Lead	Heavy metals	−0.16	0.01	3.00E−81
Cotinine	Smoking	−0.27	0.02	3.00E−67
Segmented neutrophil number	Blood measures	−0.10	0.01	9.00E−37
Blood benzene	Volatile compounds	−0.24	0.02	3.00E−34
White blood cell count	Blood measures	−0.11	0.01	3.00E−31
C-reactive protein	Biochemical	−0.08	0.01	1.00E−22
Hepatitis C antibody	Viral infection	−0.73	0.08	2.00E−21
2-Fluorene	Hydrocarbons	−0.22	0.02	4.00E−21
Blood 2,5-Dimethylfuran	Volatile compounds	−0.27	0.03	3.00E−19
Blood toluene	Volatile compounds	−0.19	0.02	4.00E−18
Hepatitis B core antibody	Viral infection	−0.41	0.05	5.00E−18
Blood ethylbenzene	Volatile compounds	−0.15	0.02	1.00E−17
Monobenzyl phthalate	Phthalates	−0.15	0.02	1.00E−17
3-Fluorene	Hydrocarbons	−0.22	0.03	8.00E−17
Hepatitis A antibody	Viral infection	−0.23	0.03	1.00E−15
Red cell distribution width	Blood measures	−0.10	0.01	8.00E−15
γ-tocopherol	Nutrients	−0.16	0.02	1.00E−14
Homocysteine	Biochemical	−0.07	0.01	4.00E−14
Urine albumin	Biochemical	−0.07	0.01	2.00E−13
Herpes 1	Viral infection	−0.24	0.03	3.00E−12
Urine lead	Heavy metals	−0.12	0.02	4.00E−11
Serum glucose	Biochemical	−0.07	0.01	5.00E−11
1-Pyrene	Hydrocarbons	−0.17	0.03	5.00E−11
Lymphocyte number	Blood measures	−0.05	0.01	1.00E−10
Γ-glutamyl transferase	Biochemical	−0.06	0.01	3.00E−10
Globulins	Biochemical	−0.09	0.01	7.00E−10
Blood m-/p-xylene	Volatile compounds	−0.11	0.02	1.00E−09
Eosinophils number	Blood measures	−0.05	0.01	1.00E−09
Plasma glucose	Biochemical	−0.07	0.01	2.00E−09
Herpes 2	Viral infection	−0.27	0.05	2.00E−09
Pulse rate	Heart rate/blood pressure	−0.06	0.01	1.00E−08
Urine cadmium	Heavy metals	−0.13	0.02	3.00E−08
2-Phenanthrene	Hydrocarbons	−0.13	0.02	5.00E−08
Floor lead dusta	Heavy metals	−0.18	0.03	1.00E−07
3-Phenanthrene	Hydrocarbons	−0.12	0.02	2.00E−07
Triglycerides	Biochemical	−0.09	0.02	2.00E−07
Alkaline phosphatase	Biochemical	−0.05	0.01	3.00E−07
Blood styrene	Volatile compounds	−0.17	0.03	3.00E−07
Blood 1,4-dichlorobenzene	Volatile compounds	−0.06	0.01	7.00E−07
Monocyte number	Blood measures	−0.06	0.01	9.00E−07
Protoporphyrin	Biochemical	−0.05	0.01	9.00E−07
Glycohemoglobin	Biochemical	−0.07	0.02	3.00E−05

^aMeasured using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.