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. 2014 Jul 31;42(1):103–114. doi: 10.1111/vaa.12212

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© 2014 The Authors Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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(a) Horse during pain induction displaying low ears, an angled eye with an intense stare, medio-laterally dilated nostrils and tension of the muzzle. (b) A horse during the control trial, relaxed with attentive ears and a relaxed stare.