Table 5.

Factors Associated with Reduced GFR (GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m²)

N =2030	I. Univariate		II. Multivariable*		III. Multivariable Model with age, race, and gender**
	Odds Ratio*** (95% CI)	p-value	Odds Ratio*** (95% CI)	p_value	OR*** (95% CI)	p-value
Current Smoker	0.46 (0.30–0.70)	< 0.001	0.52 (0.34–0.79)	0.03	0.77 (0.49–1.21)	0.26
Duration of diabetes (every 5 yrs)	1.23 (1.16–1.31)	< 0.001	1.18 (1.10–1.27)	<0.001	1.08 (1.01–1.17)	0.037
HbA1c	0.88 (0.82–0.94)	< 0.001	0.80 (0.74–0.87)	<0.001	0.86 (0.78–0.94)	< 0.001
HDL (every 5 mg/dl)	0.93 (0.85–1.01)	0.07	0.92 (0.87–0.97)	0.006	0.98 (0.96–0.99)	< 0.001
Diastolic BP (every 5 mmHG)	0.90 (0.86–0.95)	< 0.001	0.92 (0.87–0.97)	0.002	0.97 (0.92–1.03)	0.35
Glycemic Drugs		<0.001		0.07		0.07
0 or 1 non-insulin	---		---
2 or more non-insulin	0.95 (0.73–1.23)		0.74 (0.56–0.99)		0.84 (0.62–1.13)
Insulin	1.55 (1.19–2.01)		0.98 (0.71–1.36)		1.20 (0.86–1.69)
Number of Hypertension Drugs	1.46 (1.31–1.63)	< 0.001	1.29 (1.15–1.44)	<0.001	1.28 (1.13–1.44)	<0.001
Log(ACR)	1.29 (1.21–1.36)	<0.001	1.29 (1.21–1.38)	< 0.001	1.30(1.21–1.39)	< 0.001
Female Gender					1.56(1.19–2.04)	0.0013
Age(every year)					1.08(1.06–1.09)	<0.001
Race
White					--	0.34
Black					0.76(0.54–1.09)
Asian					0.97(0.53–1.79)
Other					1.20(0.78–1.86)

^*All variables listed included in the logistic model, excluding age, race, and gender

^**All variables listed included in the logistic model

^***Odds Ratio of Reduced GFR compared to Normal GFR

CI: Confidence interval