Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and MRI findings of participants
| Control (n=14) | Advanced risk for CVD |
DAT (n=26) | p value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=17) | SHEP (n=11) | CS (n=6) | ||||
| Age upon clinical evaluation (years) | 84.14±5.99 | 80.35±8.93 | 84.73±3.29 | 72.33±10.69 | 74.88±9.18 | <0.001 |
| Age on autopsy (years) | 90.93±5.95 | 86.47±8.94 | 90.82±5.47 | 78.50±8.83 | 80.65±9.15 | <0.001 |
| Duration to autopsy (years) | 6.79±2.52 | 6.12±4.09 | 6.09±4.04 | 6.17±4.58 | 5.77±3.06 | 0.694 |
| Gender (M:F) | 5:9 | 10:7 | 6:5 | 4:2 | 16:10 | 0.421 |
| Education (years) | 15.07±3.20 | 13.18±2.77 | 13.36±2.38 | 12.83±3.60 | 13.04±2.88 | 0.362 |
| Hypertension history | 6 (42.86%) | 15 (88.24%) | 11 (100.00%) | 4 (66.67%) | 6 (23.08%) | <0.001 |
| DM history | 2 (14.29%) | 2 (11.76%) | 2 (18.18%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1 (3.85%) | 0.383 |
| HIS | 0.64±0.93 (0~3) | 3.53±3.54 (0~10) | 1.91±2.70 (0~9) | 6.50±3.02 (2~10) | 0.50±1.07 (0~5) | <0.001 |
| CDR-SB | 0.07±0.18 (0~0.5) | 1.26±2.50 (0~9) | 1.14±2.66 (0~9) | 1.50±2.41 (0~6) | 5.15±2.92 (0.5~11) | <0.001 |
| MRI findings | ||||||
| WMHs (mm3) | 9.39±10.56 | 13.66±14.49 | 10.08±7.32 | 20.20±22.03 | 8.21±10.68 | 0.329 |
| PVHs (mm3) | 8.30±8.74 | 11.67±13.25 | 8.43±5.63 | 17.60±20.81 | 7.48±9.58 | 0.465 |
| DWMHs (mm3) | 1.09±2.09 | 1.99±1.90 | 1.66±1.84 | 2.60±2.03 | 0.73±2.71 | 0.304 |
| VI (mm3) | 64.43±25.75 | 67.15±41.18 | 73.22±49.45 | 56.03±17.56 | 61.41±32.57 | 0.879 |
| TICV (mm3) | 1441.40±118.68 | 1504.65±143.60 | 1492.81±158.75 | 1526.34±121.28 | 1456.68±169.75 | 0.657 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation (range) or number and percentage.
Comparisons among the groups on clinical enrollment by using the Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher's exact test, where appropriate. Age upon clinical evaluation and the duration to death were adjusted for the analyses.
MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; SHEP, Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program; CS, Carotid stenosis; DAT, dementia of the Alzheimer type; DM; diabetes mellitus; HIS, Hachinski ischemic score; CDR-SB; , clinical dementia ratingsum of boxes; WMHs; white matter hyperintensities; PVHs; periventricular hyperintensities; DWMHs; deep white matter hyperintensities; VI; ventricular index; TICV; total intracranial volume.