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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: AIDS Care. 2014 Nov 4;27(4):489–498. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2014.972323

Table 1.

Demographics, Reproductive History, and Family Planning Preferences by HIV status

HIV-infected (N=210)a HIV-uninfected (N=424)a All women (N=634)a Pearson Chi2
N (%) N (%) N (%) p-value
Age
18-24 68 (32) 232 (55) 300 (47)
25-34 116 (55) 169 (40) 285 (45)
≥35 26 (12) 23 (5) 49 (8) <0.001*
Relationship status
Married 195 (93) 403 (95) 598 (94)
Unmarried 15 (7) 21 (5) 36 (6) 0.3
Education
None or some primary 76 (36) 104 (25) 180 (28)
Primary/some secondary 90 (43) 195 (46) 285 (45)
Secondary and beyond 44 (21) 125 (29) 169 (27) 0.004*
Trouble with food, clothing, or medications
Yes 130 (62) 222 (52) 352 (56)
No 79 (38) 201 (48) 280 (44) 0.02*
Living children
1 49 (23) 195 (46) 244 (38)
2-3 105 (50) 167 (39) 272 (43)
≥4 56 (27) 62 (15) 118 (19) <0.001*
Number of additional children desired
0 124 (59) 108 (26) 232 (37)
1 58 (28) 160 (38) 218 (35)
≥2 23 (11) 148 (35) 171 (27)
Don't know 4 (2) 6 (1) 10 (2) <0.001*
Desire additional pregnancy in 2 years
Yes 3 (1) 13 (3) 16 (3)
No 207 (99) 408 (96) 615 (97)
Don't know 0 (0) 3 (1) 3 (<1) 0.2
Most recent pregnancy intention
Intended 107 (51) 268 (63) 375 (59)
Unintended 102 (49) 156 (37) 258 (41) 0.004*
Using contraception during conception
Yes 63 (30) 85 (20) 148 (23)
No 147 (70) 339 (80) 486 (77) 0.005*
(N=63) (N=85) (N=148)
Contraceptive used during conceptionb
Abstinence 3 (5) 11 (13) 14 (10) 0.09
Folk method 0 (0) 2 (2) 2 (1) 0.2
Natural family planning 10 (16) 19 (22) 29 (20) 0.3
Withdrawal 8 (13) 13 (15) 21 (14) 0.7
Breastfeeding 24 (38) 19 (22) 43 (29) 0.04*
Condoms 40 (63) 29 (34) 69 (47) <0.001*
Condoms only 20 (32) 19 (22) 39 (26) 0.2
Condoms + modern method 20 (32) 10 (12) 30 (20) 0.003*
Emergency contraception 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) N/A
Oral contraceptives (OC) 17 (27) 21 (25) 38 (26) 0.8
Injectables 36 (57) 56 (66) 92 (62) 0.3
OC + injectables 11 (17) 14 (16) 25 (17) 0.9
LARC 6 (10) 2 (2) 8 (5) 0.06
Female sterilization 0 (0) 1 (1) 1 (1) 0.4
Male sterilization 0 (0) 0 (0) 0 (0) N/A
(N=210) (N=424) (N=634)
Postpartum contraceptive plannedb
Abstinence 41 (20) 98 (23) 139 (22) 0.3
Natural family planning 17 (8) 77 (18) 94 (15) 0.001*
Withdrawal 3 (1) 56 (13) 59 (9) <0.001*
Breastfeeding 145 (69) 320 (76) 465 (73) 0.09
Condoms 112 (53) 153 (36) 265 (42) <0.001*
Condoms + modern method 111 (53) 147 (35) 258 (41) <0.001*
Emergency contraception 2 (1) 15 (4) 17 (3) 0.06
Oral contraceptives 10 (5) 55 (13) 65 (10) 0.001*
Injectables 76 (36) 162 (38) 238 (38) 0.6
Implant 135 (64) 292 (69) 427 (67) 0.2
IUC 43 (21) 82 (19) 125 (20) 0.7
Female sterilization 53 (25) 44 (10) 97 (15) <0.001*
Male sterilization 3 (1) 0 (0) 3 (<1) 0.01*
Don't know 2 (1) 6 (1) 8 (1) 0.6
*

p<0.05; IUC=intrauterine contraception

a

Columns may not add up to total N as ‘don't know,’ inappropriate responses, and nonresponses were excluded.

b

Columns may not add up to 100% as participants were able to select multiple methods.