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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 30.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2014 Nov 5;116(3):448–455. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305360

Figure 4. Dietary choline/TMAO Exposure Contributes to Progressive Renal Injury and Dysfunction in Murine Model.

Figure 4

Immunoblot of KIM-1 expression (A) and its relationship with TMAO levels (B) in mouse kidneys after 6 week feeding of chow (0.08% choline), TMAO (0.12%), and Choline (1.0%) diets. Also shown are plasma cystatin C levels (C) after 16 week feeding of chow, TMAO (0.12%), and Choline (1.0%) diets. **P<0.01 vs. chow fed, n≥5 mice per group.