Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study subjects.
| Characteristics | Controls (n = 20) | Stable CAD (n = 37) | Unstable CAD (n = 32) | P 1 | P 2 | P 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71.7 ± 5.2 | 72.97 ± 4.28 | 72.03 ± 4.36 | 0.335 | 0.829 | 0.370 |
| Male/female | 10/10 | 25/12 | 18/14 | 0.257 | 0.777 | 0.333 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.29 ± 1.49 | 23.08 ± 3.03 | 24.38 ± 3.46 | 0.334 | 0.015 | 0.072 |
| Smoker (%) | 55 | 64.8 | 75 | 0.571 | 0.224 | 0.362 |
| Hypertension (%) | 50 | 70.2 | 78.1 | 0.158 | 0.067 | 0.585 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 30 | 51.3 | 50 | 0.165 | 0.249 | 0.911 |
| DM (%) | 15% | 24.3% | 34.3 | 0.510 | 0.200 | 0.359 |
| FBS | 4.79 ± 0.43 | 5.04 ± 1.13 | 5.54 ± 1.04 | 0.642 | 0.026 | 0.098 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 133.05 ± 7.30 | 141.4 ± 16.17 | 137.8 ± 18.12 | 0.137 | 0.538 | 0.606 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 77.8 ± 4.13 | 78.48 ± 7.68 | 79.71 ± 6.80 | 0.734 | 0.332 | 0.450 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.42 ± 0.78 | 1.67 ± 0.73 | 1.87 ± 1.03 | 0.305 | 0.072 | 0.336 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.32 ± 1.38 | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 4.51 ± 1.18 | 0.805 | 0.566 | 0.694 |
| HDL (mmol/L) | 1.21 ± 0.28 | 1.18 ± 0.37 | 1.21 ± 0.28 | 0.729 | 0.976 | 0.718 |
| LDL (mmol/L) | 2.65 ± 1.29 | 3.13 ± 1.26 | 3.25 ± 1.61 | 0.221 | 0.139 | 0.731 |
| hs-CRP (mg/L) | 0.7 ± 0.48 | 14.2 ± 3.3 | 16.3 ± 5.3 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.025* |
| AST | 15 ± 8.75 | 18.7 ± 10.1 | 17.9 ± 9.2 | 0.154 | 0.274 | 0.723 |
| ALT | 16.6 ± 8.99 | 18.4 ± 9.5 | 20.8 ± 9.9 | 0.492 | 0.119 | 0.290 |
| Cr | 82.6 ± 17.72 | 84 ± 18.8 | 86.6 ± 18.8 | 0.793 | 0.453 | 0.558 |
| cTnI | 0 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.095 |
| CK-MB | 0 | 12.1 ± 5.1 | 13.8 ± 3.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.086 |
| LDH | 0 | 198 ± 33.1 | 209.4 ± 52.9 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.220 |
| LVEF, (%) | 67.3 ± 5.14 | 64.1 ± 6.2 | 62.6 ± 7.2 | 0.075 | 0.011 | 0.331 |
| Aspirin, (%) | 30 | 45.9% | 50% | 0.273 | 0.249 | 0.737 |
| Nitrates, (%) | 20 | 40.5 | 46.8 | 0.148 | 0.076 | 0.597 |
| β-blocker, (%) | 35 | 62.1 | 65.6 | 0.421 | 0.046 | 0.765 |
| CCB, (%) | 25 | 35.1 | 31.2 | 0.389 | 0.757 | 0.567 |
| ACEI or ARB, (%) | 30 | 35.1 | 37.5 | 0.772 | 0.766 | 0.211 |
| Statin, (%) | 35 | 54.1 | 43.7 | 0.266 | 0.575 | 0.393 |
| Diuretic, (%) | 15 | 27.2 | 21.8 | 0.346 | 0.722 | 0.620 |
| PCI, (%) | 0 | 21.6 | 28.1 | ≠ | ≠ | 0.532 |
Data reported as mean ± SD. BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; FBS, fasting blood sugar; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, total glyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; hs-CRP, high sensitivity-C-reactive protein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; Cr, creatinine; cTnI, cardiac troponin I; CK-MB, creatine Kinase-MB; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CCB, calcium channel blocker; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; and PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention. All P values are represented as comparisons between stable CAD patients and unstable CAD patients. Mann-Whitney test was performed for continuous variables and χ 2 test was performed for categorical variables. P 1 value (healthy subjects versus stable CAD patients), P 2 value (healthy subjects versus unstable CAD patients), and P 3 value (stable CAD patients versus unstable CAD patients), * P < 0.05.