Table 2.
Individual characteristics by hospice status
| Individual characteristics | Non-hospice n=505,851 (67.66%) %/ mean (SD) |
Hospice n=241,790 (32.34%) %/ mean (SD) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rate of end-of-life | <.01 | ||
| hospitalization | 37.63% | 23.18% | |
| Year of death | <.01 | ||
| 2005 | 37.34% | 31.82% | |
| 2006 | 33.27% | 34.24% | |
| 2007 | 29.40% | 33.95% | |
| Age | 86.76 (7.76) | 86.57 (7.61) | <.01 |
| Female | 70.05% | 72.52% | <.01 |
| Race =Non-Hispanic White | 87.57% | 88.69% | <.01 |
| Married | 20.08% | 21.16% | <.01 |
| Education | <.01 | ||
| Unknown | 21.05% | 18.06% | |
| Less than high school | 28.79% | 25.73% | |
| High school | 31.33% | 35.23% | |
| More than high school | 18.37% | 20.98% | |
| DNR | 71.03% | 75.58% | <.01 |
| DNH | 6.19% | 8.25% | <.01 |
| Activities of Daily Living (0-28) | 21.03 (6.84) | 22.07 (6.20) | <.01 |
| Cognitive Performance Scale | <.01 | ||
| (1-7) | 4.54 (1.76) | 4.73 (1.71) | |
| Diabetes | 29.52% | 27.46% | <.01 |
| Number of Heart/ circulation | <.01 | ||
| diseases | 1.55 (1.12) | 1.50 (1.11) | |
| Number of Neurological | 0.30 | ||
| diseases | 0.34 (0.57) | 0.35 (0.57) | |
| Asthma/ COPD | 23.57% | 22.48% | <.01 |
| Cancer | 9.73% | 13.85% | <.01 |
| Renal failure | 10.14% | 9.88% | <.01 |
| Alzheimer’s disease | 22.42% | 24.71% | <.01 |
| Parkinson’s disease | 8.07% | 8.73% | <.01 |
| Urinary tract infection | 15.76% | 16.56% | <.01 |
| Pneumonia | 9.00% | 8.47% | <.01 |
| Septicemia | 1.44% | 1.39% | 0.10 |
| Viral hepatitis | 0.07% | 0.08% | 0.53 |
| HIV infection | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.56 |
| Internal bleeding | 1.30% | 1.34% | 0.09 |
| Fracture | 5.63% | 5.86% | <.01 |
| Surgical wound | 6.29% | 5.75% | <.01 |
| Ulcers (stage two and higher) | 21.75% | 25.36% | <.01 |
| 817.99 | 793.90 | <.01 | |
| NH length of stay (days) | (538.34) | (537.70) | |
| Imputation indicatora | 71.30 | 63.97 | <.01 |
a
Imputation indicator takes value one if the residents has quarterly assessment as their last MDS assessment.