Table 3.
Factors associated with false negative and false positive compared to true negative and true positive electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (ECG-LVH) using stepwise selection
| False negative ECG-LVH | False positive ECG-LVH | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
p-value | Model R2 | Odds Ratio (95% CI) |
p-value | Model R2 |
| Age (year) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.096 | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.594 | ||
| Sex (men vs. women) | 0.39 (0.30, 0.51) | <.0001 | 0.87 (0.51, 1.50) | 0.6214 | ||
| Race/ethnicity | 0.003 | 0.0009 | ||||
| Whites | Reference | -- | Reference | -- | ||
| Chinese Americans | 0.72 (0.42, 1.23) | 0.230 | 1.18 (0.43, 3.27) | 0.7458 | ||
| Blacks | 1.32 (0.99, 1.75) | 0.055 | 0.36 (0.15, 0.84) | 0.0174 | ||
| Hispanics | 1.56 (1.17, 2.08) | 0.003 | 0.27 (0.10, 0.68) | 0.0056 | ||
| Body mass index (Kg/m2) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.05) | 0.038 | 0.198 | ----- | --- | 0.286 |
| Smoking Status | <0.001 | ----- | ---- | |||
| Never | Reference | -- | ||||
| Current | 2.03 (1.48, 2.79) | <0.001 | ||||
| Past | 1.10 (0.85, 1.43) | 0.469 | ||||
| Hypertension | 1.86 (1.38, 2.50) | <0.001 | ----- | --- | ||
| Minor ST/T abnormalities | 1.88 (1.41, 2.51) | <0.001 | 0.49 (0.27, 0.88) | 0.017 | ||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 0.95 (0.93, 0.96) | <0.001 | ||||
| QRS duration (ms) | 1.05 (1.04, 1.06) | <0.001 | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1.02 (1.02, 1.03) | <0.001 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | <0.001 | ||
| Any major ECG abnormality | ----- | --- | 0.39 (0.20, 0.75) | 0.005 | ||
Variables included in the backward selection analysis were those included in Table 1. Demographics were enforced into the model
ECG-LVH status was defined using left ventricular hypertrophy by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI-LVH) as the gold standard