Table 1.
miRNA | Cancer | Source | Methods | Patient cohorts | Metastases | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
let7 family | ||||||
let-7a | CRC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM (not LiM) | [201] |
let7-c | BC | Serum | miR array | LN positive vs negative | LN | [202] |
let-7e | PTC | Serum | NGS, qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [203] |
miR-9-79 family | ||||||
miR-9 | MM | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [204] |
miR-10-99-100-125 family | ||||||
mir-10a, miR-10b | BC | Serum | miR array | LN positive vs negative | LN | [202] |
miR-10b | BC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | VM | [198] |
miR-10b | BC | Plasma | qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [205] |
miR-10b | NSCLC | Serum | qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [17] |
miR-125b | MM | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized/HCs | DM | [206] |
miR-126/miR-125b | BCa | Urine | qRT-PCR | Mets/high grade vs low grade | DM | [207] |
miR-15-16-195 family | ||||||
miR-16 | PCa | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [208] |
miR-17/92 cluster | ||||||
miR-17 | BC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | VM | [209] |
miR-17* | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-20a | MM | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [206] |
miR-20a | CCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [211, 212] |
miR-20a* | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-92 | OvC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Stage III/IV vs I/II | LN & DM | [213] |
miR-21 | ||||||
miR-21 | BC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | VM | [162] |
miR-21 | BC | Serum | qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [214] |
miR-21 | CRC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [201] |
miR-21 | EOC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Stage III/IV vs I/II | LN & DM | [215] |
miR-21 | GC | Serum | qRT-PCR | GC stages | LN | [193] |
miR-21 | GC | Plasma | qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative, post-op | LN | [216] |
miR-21 | NSCLC | Serum | qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [217, 218] |
miR-21 | OSA | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [219] |
miR-21 | PCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | BM | [220, 221] |
miR-21 | PCa | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [208] |
miR-23a/24-2/27a cluster | ||||||
miR-23a* | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-24 | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN | [200] |
miR-27a | GC | Serum | qRT-PCR | GC stages | LN | [193] |
miR-25/93/106b cluster | ||||||
miR-93 | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized/HCs | LN | [200] |
miR-106b | GC | Serum | qRT-PCR | GC stages | LN | [193] |
miR-28/151 cluster | ||||||
miR-151-3p | PCa | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [208] |
miR-151-5p | PTC | Serum | NGS, qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [203] |
miR-29 family | ||||||
miR-29a | BC | Serum | qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [214] |
miR-29a | CRC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LiM | [222] |
miR-29b-1 | BC | Serum | miR array | LN positive vs negative | LN | [202] |
miR-29c | MM | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [223] |
miR-34 family | ||||||
miR-34a | BC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | VM | [198] |
miR-105 | ||||||
miR-105 | BC | Serum | NGS, qRT-pCR | Stage II-III, followed up | DM | [212] |
miR-106a/363 cluster | ||||||
miR-106a | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized/HCs | LN | [200] |
miR-122/3591 cluster | ||||||
miR-122 | BC | Serum | NGS | Stage II-III, followed up | DM | [224] |
miR-122 | GC | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [225] |
miR-126 | ||||||
miR-126/miR-125b | BCa | Urine | qRT-PCR | Mets/high grade vs low grade | DM | [207] |
miR-126 | CRC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | VM | [201] |
miR-126 | NSCLS | Serum | qRT-PCR | Stage IV vs Stage I/II | DM | [226] |
miR-126 | PCa | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [208] |
miR-130 family | ||||||
miR-130b | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-143/145 cluster | ||||||
miR-143 | OSA | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [219] |
miR-146 family | ||||||
miR-146a | GC | Serum | qRT-PCR | GC stages | LN | [193] |
miR-146a | MM | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [206] |
miR-148-152 family | ||||||
miR-148a | GC | Serum | qRT-PCR | GC stages | LN | [193] |
miR-152 | PCa | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [208] |
miR-154 family | ||||||
miR-409-3p | PCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [227] |
miR-155 | ||||||
miR-155 | BC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | VM | [198, 209] |
miR-155 | CRC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastasis/recurrence vs disease-free post-op/chemotherapy | VM | [228] |
miR-155 | EnC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [229] |
miR-155 | LC | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Stage IV vs stage I | DM | [163] |
miR-155 | MM | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [206] |
miR-181 family | ||||||
miR-181 | MM | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [206] |
miR-182/96/183 cluster | ||||||
miR-183 | NSCLS | Serum | qRT-PCR | Stage IV vs Stage I/II | DM | [226] |
miR-192-215 family | ||||||
miR-192 | GC | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [225] |
miR-215 | BC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs HCs | DM | [187] |
miR-197 | ||||||
miR-197 | LC | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Stage IV vs stage I | DM | [163] |
miR-198 | ||||||
miR-198 | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-199 family | ||||||
miR-199a-3p | GC | Plasma | miR array, qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [230] |
miR-200 family | ||||||
miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c | BC | Plasma | miR array, qRT-PCR | CTC-positive vs CTC-negative | DM | [231] |
miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c | BC, LC | CSF | qRT-PCR | BrM vs primary brain cancer | BrM | [190] |
miR-141 | CRC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [201] |
miR-141 | CRC | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Stage IV vs Stage I/II | DM (not LN) | [232] |
miR-141 | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | BM | [220, 233, 234] |
miR-141 | PCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [227, 235] |
miR-141 | PCa | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [44] |
miR-141 (exo) | PCa | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-141, miR-200c | PCa | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [208] |
miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200c | PCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs HCs | DM | [236] |
miR-200b | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-200c | CRC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastasis/recurrence vs disease-free post-op/chemotherapy | VM | [228] |
miR-200c | CRC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [237] |
miR-200c | GC | Blood | qRT-PCR | Stage IV vs I-III | LN & DM | [238] |
miR-203 family | ||||||
miR-203 | BC | Plasma | miR array, qRT-PCR | CTC-positive vs CTC-negative | DM | [231] |
miR-205 | ||||||
miR-205 | PCa | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [208] |
miR-210 | ||||||
miR-210 | BC | Plasma | miR array, qRT-PCR | CTC-positive vs CTC-negative | DM | [231] |
miR-210 | BC | Plasma | qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [239] |
miR-210 | CRC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastasis/recurrence vs disease-free post-op/chemotherapy | VM | [228] |
miR-210 | PCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs HCs | DM | [236] |
miR-214/3120/199a-2 cluster | ||||||
miR-214 | BC | Serum | qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [240] |
miR-218 family | ||||||
miR-218 | CCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Stage III/IV vs I/II | LN | [241] |
miR-221/222 cluster | ||||||
miR-221 | PaC | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM (not LN) | [242] |
miR-221 | PCa | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | BM | [220] |
miR-221 | RCC | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [243] |
miR-222 | PTC | Serum | NGS, qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [203] |
miR-223 | ||||||
miR-223 | GC | Serum | qRT-PCR | GC stages | LN | [193] |
miR-223 | MM | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [206] |
miR-296/298 cluster | ||||||
miR-298 | PCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [235] |
miR-299/379/411 (belong to miR-379/miR-656 cluster) | ||||||
miR-299, miR-411 | BC | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs HCs | DM | [187] |
miR-379 | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-324 | ||||||
miR-324-3p | MM | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [223] |
miR-346 | ||||||
miR-346 | PCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [235] |
miR-371/372/373 cluster | ||||||
miR-373 | BC | Plasma | qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [205] |
miR-375 | ||||||
miR-375 | BC | Plasma | miR array, qRT-PCR | CTC-positive vs CTC-negative | DM | [231] |
miR-375 | NSCLC | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [244] |
miR-375 | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | BM | [210, 233] |
miR-375 | PCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [227, 235, 236] |
miR-375 | PCa | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [208] |
miR-375 (exo) | PCa | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-378 family | ||||||
miR-378* | PCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [227] |
miR-423/3184 cluster | ||||||
miR-423-3p | PCa | Plasma | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | LN & DM | [208] |
miR-451/144/4732 cluster | ||||||
miR-451 | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized/HC | LN | [200] |
miR-506 family | ||||||
miR-513a-5p | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-572 | ||||||
miR-572 | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-577 | ||||||
miR-577 | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-582 | ||||||
miR-582-3p | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-609 | ||||||
miR-609 | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-619 | ||||||
miR-619 | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-624 | ||||||
miR-624* | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-1236 | ||||||
miR-1236 | PCa | Serum | qRT-PCR | Metastatic vs localized | DM | [210] |
miR-1246 | ||||||
miR-1246 | CCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [211] |
miR-2392 | ||||||
miR-2392 | CCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [211] |
miR-3147 (provisional) | ||||||
miR-3147 | CCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [211] |
miR-3162 (provisional) | ||||||
miR-3162-5p | CCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [211] |
miR-4484 | ||||||
miR-4484 | CCa | Serum | miR array, qRT-PCR | LN positive vs negative | LN | [211] |
Red boxes: higher levels in metastatic patients; green boxes: lower levels in metastatic patients.
indicates a product of the opposite arm of the precursor miRNA.
BC, Breast cancer; BCa, Bladder cancer; BM, Bone metastasis; BrM, Brain metastasis; CCa, Cervical cancer; CRC, Colorectal cancer; CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid; DM, distant metastasis; EnC, Endometrial cancer; EOC, Epithelial ovarian cancer; GC, Gastric cancer; HC, healthy control; LC, Lung cancer; LiM, Liver metastasis, LN, lymph node; Mets, Metastases; miR array, microRNA microarray; MM, Malignant melanoma; NSCLC, Non-small cell lung cancer; NGS, Next-generation sequencing; OSA, Osteosarcoma; OvC, Ovarian cancer; PaC, pancreatic cancer; PCa, prostate cancer; post-op, post-operative; PTC, Papillary thyroid carcinomas; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR; RCC, Renal cell carcinoma; VM, visceral metastasis