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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta. 2014 Oct 28;1855(1):24–42. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.10.005

Table 1.

Altered cell-free miRNA levels in metastatic cancer patients compared to localized cancer patients and healthy controls

miRNA Cancer Source Methods Patient cohorts Metastases Reference
let7 family
let-7a CRC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM (not LiM) [201]
let7-c BC Serum miR array LN positive vs negative LN [202]
let-7e PTC Serum NGS, qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [203]
miR-9-79 family
miR-9 MM Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [204]
miR-10-99-100-125 family
mir-10a, miR-10b BC Serum miR array LN positive vs negative LN [202]
miR-10b BC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized VM [198]
miR-10b BC Plasma qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [205]
miR-10b NSCLC Serum qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [17]
miR-125b MM Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized/HCs DM [206]
miR-126/miR-125b BCa Urine qRT-PCR Mets/high grade vs low grade DM [207]
miR-15-16-195 family
miR-16 PCa Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [208]
miR-17/92 cluster
miR-17 BC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized VM [209]
miR-17* PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-20a MM Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [206]
miR-20a CCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [211, 212]
miR-20a* PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-92 OvC Serum qRT-PCR Stage III/IV vs I/II LN & DM [213]
miR-21
miR-21 BC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized VM [162]
miR-21 BC Serum qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [214]
miR-21 CRC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [201]
miR-21 EOC Serum qRT-PCR Stage III/IV vs I/II LN & DM [215]
miR-21 GC Serum qRT-PCR GC stages LN [193]
miR-21 GC Plasma qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative, post-op LN [216]
miR-21 NSCLC Serum qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [217, 218]
miR-21 OSA Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [219]
miR-21 PCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized BM [220, 221]
miR-21 PCa Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [208]
miR-23a/24-2/27a cluster
miR-23a* PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-24 PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN [200]
miR-27a GC Serum qRT-PCR GC stages LN [193]
miR-25/93/106b cluster
miR-93 PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized/HCs LN [200]
miR-106b GC Serum qRT-PCR GC stages LN [193]
miR-28/151 cluster
miR-151-3p PCa Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [208]
miR-151-5p PTC Serum NGS, qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [203]
miR-29 family
miR-29a BC Serum qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [214]
miR-29a CRC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LiM [222]
miR-29b-1 BC Serum miR array LN positive vs negative LN [202]
miR-29c MM Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [223]
miR-34 family
miR-34a BC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized VM [198]
miR-105
miR-105 BC Serum NGS, qRT-pCR Stage II-III, followed up DM [212]
miR-106a/363 cluster
miR-106a PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized/HCs LN [200]
miR-122/3591 cluster
miR-122 BC Serum NGS Stage II-III, followed up DM [224]
miR-122 GC Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [225]
miR-126
miR-126/miR-125b BCa Urine qRT-PCR Mets/high grade vs low grade DM [207]
miR-126 CRC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized VM [201]
miR-126 NSCLS Serum qRT-PCR Stage IV vs Stage I/II DM [226]
miR-126 PCa Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [208]
miR-130 family
miR-130b PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-143/145 cluster
miR-143 OSA Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [219]
miR-146 family
miR-146a GC Serum qRT-PCR GC stages LN [193]
miR-146a MM Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [206]
miR-148-152 family
miR-148a GC Serum qRT-PCR GC stages LN [193]
miR-152 PCa Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [208]
miR-154 family
miR-409-3p PCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [227]
miR-155
miR-155 BC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized VM [198, 209]
miR-155 CRC Serum qRT-PCR Metastasis/recurrence vs disease-free post-op/chemotherapy VM [228]
miR-155 EnC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [229]
miR-155 LC Plasma qRT-PCR Stage IV vs stage I DM [163]
miR-155 MM Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [206]
miR-181 family
miR-181 MM Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [206]
miR-182/96/183 cluster
miR-183 NSCLS Serum qRT-PCR Stage IV vs Stage I/II DM [226]
miR-192-215 family
miR-192 GC Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [225]
miR-215 BC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs HCs DM [187]
miR-197
miR-197 LC Plasma qRT-PCR Stage IV vs stage I DM [163]
miR-198
miR-198 PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-199 family
miR-199a-3p GC Plasma miR array, qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [230]
miR-200 family
miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c BC Plasma miR array, qRT-PCR CTC-positive vs CTC-negative DM [231]
miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c BC, LC CSF qRT-PCR BrM vs primary brain cancer BrM [190]
miR-141 CRC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [201]
miR-141 CRC Plasma qRT-PCR Stage IV vs Stage I/II DM (not LN) [232]
miR-141 PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized BM [220, 233, 234]
miR-141 PCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [227, 235]
miR-141 PCa Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [44]
miR-141 (exo) PCa Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-141, miR-200c PCa Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [208]
miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200c PCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR Metastatic vs HCs DM [236]
miR-200b PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-200c CRC Serum qRT-PCR Metastasis/recurrence vs disease-free post-op/chemotherapy VM [228]
miR-200c CRC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [237]
miR-200c GC Blood qRT-PCR Stage IV vs I-III LN & DM [238]
miR-203 family
miR-203 BC Plasma miR array, qRT-PCR CTC-positive vs CTC-negative DM [231]
miR-205
miR-205 PCa Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [208]
miR-210
miR-210 BC Plasma miR array, qRT-PCR CTC-positive vs CTC-negative DM [231]
miR-210 BC Plasma qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [239]
miR-210 CRC Serum qRT-PCR Metastasis/recurrence vs disease-free post-op/chemotherapy VM [228]
miR-210 PCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR Metastatic vs HCs DM [236]
miR-214/3120/199a-2 cluster
miR-214 BC Serum qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [240]
miR-218 family
miR-218 CCa Serum qRT-PCR Stage III/IV vs I/II LN [241]
miR-221/222 cluster
miR-221 PaC Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM (not LN) [242]
miR-221 PCa Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized BM [220]
miR-221 RCC Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [243]
miR-222 PTC Serum NGS, qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [203]
miR-223
miR-223 GC Serum qRT-PCR GC stages LN [193]
miR-223 MM Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [206]
miR-296/298 cluster
miR-298 PCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [235]
miR-299/379/411 (belong to miR-379/miR-656 cluster)
miR-299, miR-411 BC Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs HCs DM [187]
miR-379 PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-324
miR-324-3p MM Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [223]
miR-346
miR-346 PCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [235]
miR-371/372/373 cluster
miR-373 BC Plasma qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [205]
miR-375
miR-375 BC Plasma miR array, qRT-PCR CTC-positive vs CTC-negative DM [231]
miR-375 NSCLC Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [244]
miR-375 PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized BM [210, 233]
miR-375 PCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [227, 235, 236]
miR-375 PCa Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [208]
miR-375 (exo) PCa Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-378 family
miR-378* PCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [227]
miR-423/3184 cluster
miR-423-3p PCa Plasma qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized LN & DM [208]
miR-451/144/4732 cluster
miR-451 PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized/HC LN [200]
miR-506 family
miR-513a-5p PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-572
miR-572 PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-577
miR-577 PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-582
miR-582-3p PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-609
miR-609 PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-619
miR-619 PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-624
miR-624* PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-1236
miR-1236 PCa Serum qRT-PCR Metastatic vs localized DM [210]
miR-1246
miR-1246 CCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [211]
miR-2392
miR-2392 CCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [211]
miR-3147 (provisional)
miR-3147 CCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [211]
miR-3162 (provisional)
miR-3162-5p CCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [211]
miR-4484
miR-4484 CCa Serum miR array, qRT-PCR LN positive vs negative LN [211]

Red boxes: higher levels in metastatic patients; green boxes: lower levels in metastatic patients.

*

indicates a product of the opposite arm of the precursor miRNA.

BC, Breast cancer; BCa, Bladder cancer; BM, Bone metastasis; BrM, Brain metastasis; CCa, Cervical cancer; CRC, Colorectal cancer; CSF, Cerebrospinal fluid; DM, distant metastasis; EnC, Endometrial cancer; EOC, Epithelial ovarian cancer; GC, Gastric cancer; HC, healthy control; LC, Lung cancer; LiM, Liver metastasis, LN, lymph node; Mets, Metastases; miR array, microRNA microarray; MM, Malignant melanoma; NSCLC, Non-small cell lung cancer; NGS, Next-generation sequencing; OSA, Osteosarcoma; OvC, Ovarian cancer; PaC, pancreatic cancer; PCa, prostate cancer; post-op, post-operative; PTC, Papillary thyroid carcinomas; qRT-PCR, quantitative real-time PCR; RCC, Renal cell carcinoma; VM, visceral metastasis