Table 3.
Summary Statistics of VAS Pain Scores by Treatment Group and Time Point
| Group | Time Point | N | Mean ± SD Absolute | Mean ± SD Change From Baseline | 95% CI | Mean ± SD Percent Change From Baseline |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active | Before | 18 | 5.5 ± 1.5 | |||
| 5 minutes into treatment | 18 | 3.2 ± 1.7 | −2.3 ± 2.2 | (−3.4, −1.2) | −38.0 ± 34.7 | |
| 10 minutes into treatment | 18 | 2.6 ± 1.8 | −2.8 ± 2.1 | (−3.9, −1.8) | −49.6 ± 32.3 | |
| 15 minutes into treatment | 18 | 2.1 ± 1.7 | −3.4 ± 2.3 | (−4.5, −2.3) | −59.3 ± 32.6 | |
| 20 minutes into treatment | 18 | 1.4 ± 1.1 | −4.1 ± 1.7 | (−4.9, −3.3) | −74.0 ± 21.0 | |
| 25 minutes into treatment | 18 | 1.5 ± 1.5 | −4.0 ± 1.9 | (−4.9, −3.1) | −72.9 ± 28.4 | |
| 30 minutes into treatment (end of treatment) | 18 | 1.2 ± 1.4 | −4.3 ± 1.5 | (−5.1, −3.6) | −80.9 ± 22.3 | |
| 15 minutes post | 18 | 1.2 ± 1.0 | −4.3 ± 1.5 | (−5.0, −3.6) | −78.7 ± 18.7 | |
| Placebo | Before | 18 | 4.9 ± 2.1 | |||
| 5 minutes into treatment | 17 | 4.5 ± 2.4 | −0.4 ± 1.3 | (−1.0, 0.3) | −8.9 ± 33.0 | |
| 10 minutes into treatment | 17 | 4.6 ± 2.6 | −0.3 ± 1.5 | (−1.0, 0.4) | −8.2 ± 39.4 | |
| 15 minutes into treatment | 17 | 4.1 ± 2.8 | −0.8 ± 1.6 | (−1.6, 0.0) | −20.8 ± 46.1 | |
| 20 minutes into treatment | 17 | 3.9 ± 2.2 | −1.0 ± 1.1 | (−1.6, −0.4) | −22.6 ± 29.6 | |
| 25 minutes into treatment | 17 | 4.2 ± 2.3 | −0.6 ± 1.3 | (−1.3, 0.0) | −14.8 ± 35.8 | |
| 30 minutes into treatment (end of treatment) | 17 | 4.0 ± 2.4 | −0.9 ± 1.5 | (−1.7, −0.1) | −19.2 ± 43.2 | |
| 15 minutes post | 17 | 3.9 ± 2.1 | −1.0 ± 1.6 | (−1.8, −0.2) | −18.8 ± 35.1 |
CI = confidence interval; SD = standard deviation; VAS = visual analog scale.