Table 1.
Patient characteristics
| Paroxysmal AF (n = 2514) | Persistent AF (n = 11 548) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Randomized to rivaroxaban, % (n) | 50% (1245) | 50% (5786) | 0.60 |
| Age | 72 (65, 78) | 73 (65, 78) | 0.033 |
| Female, % (n) | 45% (1121) | 39% (4459) | <0.0001 |
| CHADS2 score, mean (SD) | 3.5 (0.9) | 3.5 (0.9) | 0.32 |
| CHADS2 score, % (n) | |||
| 1 | 0 | <1% (3) | |
| 2 | 13% (334) | 13% (1510) | |
| 3 | 44% (1110) | 43% (4997) | |
| 4 | 28% (716) | 29% (3319) | |
| 5 | 12% (304) | 13% (1489) | |
| 6 | 2% (50) | 2% (230) | |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score, mean (SD) | 4.9 (1.3) | 4.9 (1.3) | 0.072 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score, % (n) | |||
| 1 | 0 | <1% (2) | |
| 2 | 3% (65) | 3% (326) | |
| 3 | 12% (309) | 12% (1391) | |
| 4 | 24% (609) | 26% (2980) | |
| 5 | 29% (736) | 30% (3437) | |
| 6 | 20% (497) | 19% (2150) | |
| 7 | 9% (222) | 8% (941) | |
| 8 | 3% (67) | 2% (285) | |
| 9 | <1% (9) | <1% (34) | |
| Presenting characteristics | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28 (25, 32) | 28 (25, 32) | 0.021 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 130 (120, 140) | 130 (120, 140) | 0.99 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 80 (70, 85) | 80 (70, 86) | 0.021 |
| Heart rate, b.p.m. | 72 (63, 83) | 76 (68, 86) | <0.0001 |
| Creatinine clearance,a mL/min | 68 (53, 88) | 67 (52, 87) | 0.039 |
| Baseline comorbidities, % (n) | |||
| Prior stroke/TIA/SE | 59% (1493) | 54% (6207) | <0.0001 |
| Prior stroke | 36% (895) | 34% (3940) | 0.16 |
| Prior TIA | 27% (673) | 21% (2395) | <0.0001 |
| Significant valve disease | 13% (328) | 15% (1710) | 0.022 |
| PAD | 6% (150) | 6% (678) | 0.85 |
| Carotid occlusive disease | 5% (124) | 4% (459) | 0.032 |
| Hypertension | 91% (2280) | 91% (10 453) | 0.79 |
| Diabetes | 37% (922) | 41% (4684) | 0.0003 |
| Prior MI | 19% (478) | 17% (1954) | 0.013 |
| Heart failure | |||
| None | 44% (1097) | 36% (4159) | <0.0001 |
| NYHA class I | 8% (213) | 8% (962) | |
| NYHA class II | 32% (805) | 36% (4173) | |
| NYHA class III/IV | 16% (399) | 19% (2251) | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 10% (263) | 11% (1220) | 0.87 |
| Medications, % (n) | |||
| Prior VKA use | 56% (1410) | 64% (7431) | <0.0001 |
| Prior chronic aspirin use | 41% (1024) | 35% (4090) | <0.0001 |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB at baseline | 73% (1829) | 75% (8628) | 0.042 |
| β-Blocker at baseline | 67% (1685) | 64% (7447) | 0.015 |
| Digitalis at baseline | 24% (612) | 42% (4808) | <0.0001 |
| Diuretic at baseline | 52% (1308) | 61% (7076) | <0.0001 |
| Antiarrhythmic drug at baseline | 28% (714) | 9% (1009) | <0.0001 |
| TTR during follow-up, warfarin group, % | 57 (44, 70) | 58 (43, 71) | 0.94 |
Continuous variables are shown as median (25th, 75th percentiles) unless otherwise noted.
ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; AF, atrial fibrillation; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; MI, myocardial infarction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PAD, peripheral artery disease; SD, standard deviation; SE, systemic embolism; TIA, transient ischaemic attack; TTR, time in therapeutic range; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.
aCreatinine clearance calculated according to the Cockcroft–Gault equation.