Longitudinal responses to merozoite surface protein 5. (A) Longitudinal interferon-γ (IFN-γ) responses to merozoite surface protein 5 (MSP5) in samples from patients with acute P. falciparum malaria (Pf, left panel) and acute P. vivax malaria (Pv, right panel). (B) Longitudinal IFN-γ response to MSP5 in paired samples from 3 patients with acute P. falciparummalaria (Pf, left panel) and 4 patients with acute P. vivax malaria (Pv, right panel). All graphs show number of spot forming units (SFU) per million PBMC with background SFU subtracted. Horizontal lines depict the median. (C) Longitudinal proliferation response to PfMSP5 in cross-sectional samples from patients with acute P. falciparum malaria (Pf, left panel) and acute P. vivax malaria (Pv, right panel). Positive response defined as stimulation index (SI) > 2. Horizontal lines depict the median. Dashed lines represent cut-off value for positive response (SI = 2).