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. 2015 Feb 2;4:3. doi: 10.1186/s13630-014-0012-7

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© Ishikawa; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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3D structure of Chlamydomonas flagella reconstructed by cryo-electron tomography and subtomogram averaging. (A) Structure of the entire axoneme by fitting averaged 96-nm periodic units to a tomogram. One MTD, discussed in the following sections, is enclosed by green lines in the right panel. (B) Averaged 96-nm unit. Red: outer dyneins. Cyan: inner dyneins. Blue: Radial spokes. Yellow: IC/LC of dynein f. Green: DRC. Grey: microtubule doublets (MTDs). Purple: unidentified density. Dynein isoforms were assigned based on (C). (C) Flagella structure of Chlamydomonas mutants used for identification of dynein isoforms. Missing IDA species are indicated.