Table 1. Sample Characteristics.

	Mean (SD)	Range
Maternal age (years)	24.7 (5.17)	18 – 43
Infant birth weight (grams)	1073 (342)	420 – 1780
Race/Ethnicity
% Black	81%
% Hispanic	15%
% White	4%
Education (years)	12.0 (3.65)	8 – 18
% Provided breast milk	67.9%
% Live with father of the baby	52.3%
Infant Illness Severity (NBRS)	3.2 (3.10)	0 – 16
State Anxiety (STAI)	39.1 (12.6)	20 – 80
Posttraumatic Stress (PPQ)	3.91 (3.00)	0 – 11
Score greater than 6	30%
Parental stress (PSS: NICU)	65.1 (29.9)	9 – 137
Parental role scale	32.5 (14.8)	1 – 60
Infant behavior and appearance	32.6 (18.3)	4 – 77
Depressive Symptoms (CESD)	15.9 (11.5)	1 – 51
Score greater than 16	42%
% Receiving Public Aid	39%
% Uninsured	40%

Note. NBRS = Neonatal Neurobiologic Risk Score. STAI = State Trait Anxiety Inventory. PPQ = Postpartum Posttraumatic stress Questionnaire. PSS: NICU = Parental Stress Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. CESD = Center for Epidemiology Studies – Depressive Scale