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. 2015 Feb 2;6:19. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00019

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Copyright © 2015 Mesirca, Torrente and Mangoni.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Properties of VGCCs in cardiac pacemaker cells. (A) I–V curve (top left panel) and steady-state inactivation (top right panel) of native SAN Ca_v3.1 (dashed curve), Ca_v1.3 (solid curve), and Ca_v1.2 (dotted curve) channels (reprinted from Mangoni et al., 2006a, with permission from Elsevier). Examples of voltage dependent calcium currents recorded in pacemakers cells from WT (middle and bottom left panel), Ca_v1.3^−/− (middle right panel) and Ca_v3.1^−/− mice (bottom right panel). (B) Top left panel: I–V curve of L-type Ca²⁺ channels obtained from WT (black open circles) and Ca_v1.3^−/− (gray open circles) isolated AVN cells. Top right panels: current to voltage relationship in isolated AVN cells from WT and Ca_v3.1^−/− mice. Sample traces of I_Ca,L (middle panels) and I_Ca,T (bottom panels) recorded in isolated AVN cells from WT, Ca_v1.3^−/− and Ca_v3.1^−/− mice. For I_Ca,L recordings the holding potential (V_h) was set at −55 mV, for Ca_v3.1 at −90 mV. Test potential (V_t) is reported near the trace (reprinted from Mangoni et al., 2006b with permission from Wolters Kluwer Health).