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Tumor-suppressive functions of ERβ in CRC. The potential impact of estrogen signaling through ERβ in colorectal carcinogenesis could be exerted via activation of pro-apoptotic signaling, regulation of mismatch repair proteins, modulation of the inflammatory tumor microenvironment, activation of immune surveillance mechanisms, or down-regulation of immune evasion mechanisms. Selective loss of ERβ in different location within the large intestine promotes tumorigenesis.
