Table 3. Final classification of cases of encephalitis into etiologic category Thailand, 2003–2005* .
| Pathogen |
Etiologic classification category | Total |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Confirmed |
Probable |
Possible |
||
| Adenovirus | 0 | 0 | 7† | 7 |
| Bartonella henselae | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Chikungunya virus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Cryptococcus spp. | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Dengue virus | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Epstein-Barr virus | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Enteroviruses | 6‡ | 0 | 24§ | 30 |
| Escherichia coli | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Herpes simplex virus 1/2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Human herpesvirus 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Human herpesvirus 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Haemophilus influenzae¶ | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| HIV | 0 | 0 | 8 | 8 |
| Influenza viruses | 0 | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| Japanese encephalitis virus# | 15 | 6 | 0 | 21 |
| Malaria | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Measles virus | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Mumps virus | 0 | 0 | 8 | 8 |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae | 0 | 3 | 1 | 4 |
| Nipah virus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Other bacteria | 0 | 0 | 21** | 21 |
| Orientia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus) | 0 | 6 | 0 | 6 |
| Parainfluenza viruses 1,2,3 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 |
| Parasites, other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rabies virus | 0 | 0 | 1†† | 1 |
| Rickettsia conorii (spotted fever) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Rubella | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| Salmonella group D | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Treponema pallidum | 0 | 1‡‡ | 0 | 1 |
| Varicella-zoster virus | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| West Nile virus | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Total no. pathogens detected | 38 | 23 | 95 | 156 |
| Total no. patients | 37 | 17 | 44 | 98 |
*Strategy used is same as that shown in Table 1. Pathogen categories are not mutually exclusive. †Only 1 in a cerebrospinal fluid sample was positive by PCR and it was adenovirus type 40. ‡Echovirus 9 (n = 3); echovirus 27 (n = 2); echovirus 30 (1). §Enterovirus 71 (n = 3); enterovirus, untyped (n = 21). ¶Not typed. #This number is 1 less confirmed Japanese encephalitis case than previously published (29). The excluded patient had onset of neurologic symptoms 18 d after hospital admission. **See Table 2 for organisms, excludes coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. ††Record says never vaccinated. ‡‡Serum Venereal Disease Research Laboratory testing only.