Table 2.
Study (Author, year) | Well-defined casesa | Well-defined controlsa | Matched controlsb | Timing of exposurec | Adjustment for confounding variablesd |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Martinelli et al., 1996 (8) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Age |
Martinelli et al., 1998 (9) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | PT, FV |
Reuner et al., 1998 (10) | No | No | Yes | No | None |
de Bruijn et al., 1998 (11) | Yes | No | No | No | Age |
Martinelli et al., 2003 (13) | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Age, BMI, smoking, HyperHcy |
Cantu et al., 2004 (14) | No | Yes | No | No | None |
Rodrigues et al., 2004 (15) | No | No | No | No | None |
Ventura et al., 2004 (16) | No | No | No | No | None |
Gadelha et al., 2005 (17) | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | PT, FV |
A study is defined as being of high quality if it satisfies at least four of the five criteria above.
aWell-defined cases are objective confirmation of CVST in patients 15–50 years, without autoimmune, neoplastic, or infectious diseases and not post-traumatic, pregnant, post-partum, or post-menopausal). Well-defined controls are healthy individuals, between age 18 and 50 years, unrelated biologically to patient); Yes fulfills criteria for both or one of the above; “No” fulfills neither of the above criteria.
bWell-matched controls matched for at least one of age, BMI, smoking status, educational status, and ethnicity.
cExposure within 2 weeks of CVST for cases or time of assessment for controls.
dAdjustment for confounding factors is defined as (1) Controls matched for at least one of age, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, educational status, and ethnicity and (2) adjustment during statistical analysis for age, BMI, smoking status, hyper-homocysteinemia, Prothrombin-gene mutation (PT) and factor V Leiden (FV).
HyperHcy is hyper-homocysteinemia.