Table 2.

Correlations between observed variables for Korean-speaking first grade sample (N = 170) and kindergarten sample (N = 98)

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	23
1. Listen Comp task 1	---	.48	.30	.30	.33	.36	.31	.39	.36	.34	.32	.48	.38
2. Listen Comp task 2	.39	---	.22	.22	.18	.16+	.17+	.25	.26	.23	.20	.39	.34
3. Word identification	.26	.28	---	.94	.87	.83	.85	.85	.86	.84	.77	.76	.84
4. Nonword reading	.24	.25	.73	---	.84	.82	.83	.83	.84	.82	.77	.76	.81
5. Word reading fluency 1	.36	.30	.46	.36	---	.95	.94	.89	.89	.88	.75	.74	.78
6. Word reading fluency 2	.31	.29	.43	.32	.91	---	.96	.90	.91	.90	.79	.74	.76
7. Word reading fluency 3	.29	.26	.43	.37	.87	.87	---	.90	.90	.90	.71	.75	.77
8. TRF Passage 1	.31	.22	.44	.25	.59	.56	.62	---	.95	.94	.69	.76	.81
9. TRF Passage 2	.36	.18	.46	.31	.60	.58	.61	.75	---	.97	.69	.76	.82
10. TRF Passage 3	.37	.22	.41	.28	.55	.57	.56	.75	.79	---	.67	.76	.81
11. RC – Passage 1	.26	.35	.35	.36	.21	.17	.18	.11+	.17	.05+	---	.69	.70
12. RC – Passage 2	.44	.51	.42	.44	.43	.42	.40	.24	.33	.24	.53	---	.81
13. RC – Cloze task	.43	.35	.46	.47	.43	.45	.40	.33	.43	.41	.39	.51	---

Note: Coefficients below diagonal are for first graders; above diagonal are for kindergarteners.

⁺p > .05

Listen Comp = Listening Comprehension; Word reading F = Word reading fluency; TRF = Text reading fluency; RC = Reading Comprehension