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Introduction of the four transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2, Klf-4, and c-Myc) leads to reprogramming of a somatic cell to an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) which can further differentiate into different types of cells. Many factors or chemicals are able to replace one of the factors from the basic four factors required for reprogramming, and for the enhancement many other small molecule chemicals or factor are also used.
