Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants Without Hypertension in Randomized Controlled Trials of Antihypertension Medications
| Trial | No.a | Age, Mean (SD), y | No. (%)b
|
BP or Cutpoint for Nonhypertensive, Mean, mm Hgc
|
Clinical History, No. (%)b
|
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Nonwhite Race | Systolic | Diastolic | MI | CHF | Diabetes | Stroke | CAD | |||
| MIS,22 1975d | 1334 | 55.0 (NR) | 1154 (86.5) | NR | NR | <78.0 | 1334 (100) | 0 | 40 (3.0) | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| MPI,23 1980d | 292 | 54.9 (NR) | 247 (84.5) | NR | NR | <79.7 | 292 (100) | 5 (1.5) | 11 (3.6) | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| BHAT,24 1982d | 2715 | 54.8 (NR) | 2294 (84.5) | 304 (11.2) | NR | ≤76.0 | 2715 (100) | 250 (9.2) | 313 (11.5) | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| ASPS,25 1983d | 390 | 58.0 (NR) | 324 (83.0) | NR | NAe | NAe | 390 (100) | NR | 27 (6.8) | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| CONSENSUS II,26,27 1992d | 4437 | 65.8 (NR) | 3262 (73.5) | NR | NAe | NAe | 4437 (100) | 271 (6.1) | 497 (11.2) | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| SOLVD,28–31 1995d | 4145 | 59.1 (NR) | 3673 (88.6) | 485 (11.7) | NAe | NAe | 3312 (79.9) | 4145 (100) | 634 (15.3) | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| USCHF,32 1996d | 547 | 58.0 (12.2) | 419 (76.6) | NR | 115.0 | 73.0 | NR | 547 (100) | NR | NR | 261 (47.6) |
|
| |||||||||||
| TRACE,33,34 1997 | 1349 | 68.0 (NR) | 1000 (74.1) | NR | 119.0 | 75.0 | 1349 (100) | 285 (21.1) | 157 (11.6) | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| AIRE,35,36 1999 | 1432 | 64.4 (11.0) | 1117 (78.0) | NR | NAe | NAe | 1432 (100) | 1432 (100) | 145 (10.1) | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| SMILE,37–39 1999 | 876 | 63.3 (10.0) | 701 (80.0) | NR | 132.1 | 81.8 | 876 (100) | 0 | 158 (18.0) | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| MERIT-HF,40 2000d | 2235 | 63.8 (NR) | 1732 (77.5) | 135 (6.0) | NAe | NAe | 1078 (48.2) | 2235 (100) | 552 (24.7) | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| CCS-1,41,42 2001d | 4760 | 63.5 (10.8) | 3627 (76.2) | 4760 (100) | <140.0 | NR | 4760 (100) | 929 (19.5) | 405 (8.5) | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| HOPE,43–46 2001d | 4673 | 66.0 (7.0) | 3425 (73.3) | NR | <138.0 | NR | 2458 (52.6) | 0 | 4712 (38.5) | 510 (10.9) | 3739 (80.0) |
|
| |||||||||||
| ABCD,14,47 2002 | 480 | 59.1 (0.6) | 262 (54.5) | NR | 136.4 | 84.4 | NR | 10 (2.0) | 480 (100) | 17 (3.5) | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| CAMELOT,12 2004d | 699 | 57.3 (9.6) | 522 (74.7) | 76 (10.8) | <129.5 | NR | 263 (37.6) | 0 | 130 (18.6) | 28 (3.9) | 699 (100) |
|
| |||||||||||
| COPERNICUS,48,49 2004f | 1336 | 62.4 (12.4) | 1082 (81.0) | NR | 85–125 | 71.6 | NR | 1336 (100) | NR | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| DIABHYCAR,50 2004d | 2177 | 65.1 (8.4) | 1516 (69.9) | NR | <140.0 | <90.0 | 131 (6.0) | 0 | 2177 (100) | 92 (4.2) | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| PEACE,51 2004d | 6050 | 64.0 (8.0) | 4961 (82.0) | 454 (7.5) | <140.0 | <90.0 | 3328 (55.0) | 0 | 1029 (17.0) | 394 (6.5) | 6050 (100) |
|
| |||||||||||
| SAVE,54,55 2004 | 1325 | 58.0 (10.9) | 1141 (86.1) | 116 (8.7) | 108.0 | 68.0 | 1325 (100) | 0 | 223 (16.8) | NR | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| PROGRESS56–58 2006f | 2137 | 61.7 (10.0) | 1554 (72.7) | 962 (45.0) | 127.4 | 78.9 | 349 (16.3) | NR | 229 (10.7) | NR | 2137 (100)g |
|
| |||||||||||
| ADVANCE,59,60 2007d | 1939 | 66.0 (6.5) | 1106 (57.0) | NR | <140.0 | <90.0 | 233 (12.0) | NR | 1939 (100) | 1939 (9.0) | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| PRoFESS,61,62 2008d | 6822 | 66.2 (8.6) | 4366 (64.0) | 2900 (42.5) | ≤135.0 | NR | NR | NR | 1924 (28.2) | 6822 (100) | NR |
|
| |||||||||||
| TRANSCEND,15 2008d | 1955 | 66.9 (7.4) | 1115 (57.0) | 761 (38.9) | ≤133.0 | NR | 906 (46.3) | 0 | 698 (35.7) | 1459 (74.6) | 430 (22.0) |
|
| |||||||||||
| EUROPA,13,63,64 2009d | 9154 | 60.0 (9.0) | 7818 (85.4) | NR | <140.0 | NR | 5923 (64.7) | 0 | 1126 (12.3) | 302 (3.3) | 9154 (100) |
|
| |||||||||||
| PATS,65 2009 | 903 | 60.2 (6.5) | 651 (72.0) | 903 (100) | <140.0 | <90.0 | NR | NR | NR | 903 (100)h | NR |
Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MI, myocardial infarction; NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Number of participants meeting the definition of normotensive or prehypertensive and included in the analyses.
In studies in which the number is not overtly given, the number of men is estimated from the total proportion of men and the number of participants without hypertension included in the analysis assuming that the proportion remained consistent between those with and without hypertension.
Mean blood pressures or cutpoint indicating those without hypertension for participants included in the data analysis. Five studies included subgroup analyses of participants with no history of hypertension; however, SBP or DBP were not provided for these participants. Mean of SBP or DBP is provided for studies in which this could be determined in the population without hypertension. For studies that defined the nonhypertensive participants using a cutpoint, this has been denoted in the blood pressure data as an inequality. For studies in which the population without hypertension was defined as having no clinical history of hypertension, this has been denoted as no history of hypertension.
Proportion at baseline includes data from normotensive and hypertensive study participants.
No history of hypertension; see footnote “c.”
Weighted average or proportion, data pooled from multiple normotensive and prehypertensive categories.
Within previous 5 years.
All participants had a history of either transient ischemic attack or stroke.