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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pharmacogenomics. 2014 Dec;15(16):2063–2082. doi: 10.2217/pgs.14.162

Table 2.

Specific intracellular targets coupled with beneficial/side effects associated with thiazolidinediones therapy.

Thiazolidine
diones		 Receptors Intracellular targets Benefical effects Side effects
Pioglitazone PPAR-γ

  • Glut4, IRS1/2, PI3K, CAP

  • Improved insulin signaling

  • Hypoglycemia
Rosiglitazone

  • TNF-α, retn

  • Reduced inflammation

  • Edema
Troglitazone

  • AT1R

  • TXS, TXR

  • SOD, catalase

  • PEPCK, CD36, LPL, ACBP, ACS, aP2, GyK

  • CEBPα, STAT1/5A/5B

  • Reduced blood pressure

  • Reduced atherosclerosis

  • Reduced oxidative stress

  • Increased lipid metabolism

  • Improved adipogenesis

  • Weight gain

  • Cardiovascular risk

  • Heart failure

  • Bone loss in older women

  • Liver failure
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