Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristic of the sample.

Group	N (BD/HC)	Healthy Controls	Bipolar disorder	p/X2
		(Mean ± S.E)
Gender Male/female, N	93/56	20/36	34/56*	.38
Age	92/56	36.17±1.91	35.18±1.39	.56
Education (years)	84/55	16.01±.35	14.33±.31	.001
WRAT Reading	90/47	111.674±2.28	104.83±1.57	.01
WASI Vocabulary	92/54	58.37±1.54	54.79±1.31	.08
WASI Matrix	92/54	56.94±.92	55.91±.82	.42
Full Scale IQ (WASI)	92/54	113.61±1.79	109.5±1.5	.08
YMRS	39/16	.88±.48	5.53±.86	.00
MADRS	76/42	1.09±.7	14.84±1.27	.00
GAF	79/41	89.31±1.4	62.90±1.4	.00
Lifetime number of depressive episodes	61/54	-	13.39±2.76	-
Lifetime number of manic episodes	68/54	-	3.88±.88	-

Abbreviations: WRAT=Wide Range Achievement Test; WASI=Wechsler Abbreviated Scale: WASI; IQ=Intellectual Quotient; YMRS=Young Mania Rating Scale; Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS); Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF).

^*3 missing values