Table 1.
Baseline Patient Characteristics
| Group D | Group B | Group H | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Total, n | 23 | 43 | 47 | |
| Age, years | 69.7 ± 2.2 | 67.2± 2.1 | 67.1 ± 2.1 | <0.001 |
| Male, n (%) | 19 (82.6) | 38 (88.4) | 46 (97.9) | 0.08 |
| BSA, m2 | 1.82 ± 0.20 | 1.94± 0.28 | 1.94 ± 0.21 | 0.12 |
| NYHA class | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 3.5± 0.7 | 3.5± 0.5 | 0.99 |
| Etiology of Heart Failure, n(%) | ||||
| Ischemic | 20 (87.0) | 24 (55.8) | 29 (61.7) | 0.04 |
| Dilated | 2 (8.7) | 17 (39.5) | 12 (25.5) | 0.03 |
| Restrictive | 0 (0) | 1 (2.3) | 3 (6.4) | 0.34 |
| Valvular | 1 (4.3) | 2 (2.3) | 2 (4.3) | 0.86 |
| Other | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.1) | 0.49 |
| Co-morbidities, n(%) | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 21 (91.3) | 27 (62.8) | 32 (68.1) | 0.05 |
| Myocardial infarction | 14 (60.9) | 20 (46.5) | 18 (38.3) | 0.21 |
| Diabetes | 9 (39.1) | 16 (37.2) | 17 (36.2) | 0.97 |
| Hypertension | 15 (65.2) | 18 (41.9) | 21 (44.7) | 0.17 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 12 (52.2) | 15 (34.9) | 14 (29.8) | 0.18 |
| Stroke/TIA | 1 (4.3) | 5 (11.6) | 3 (6.4) | 0.51 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 2 (8.2) | 3 (7.0) | 6 (12.8) | 0.64 |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | 14 (60.9) | 15 (34.9) | 17 (36.2) | 0.09 |
| COPD | 3 (13.0) | 5 (11.6) | 3 (6.4) | 0.59 |
| Prior cardiac surgery | 13 (56.5) | 18 (41.9) | 28 (59.6) | 0.22 |
| Echocardiographic Data | ||||
| LV ejection fraction, % | 19.5 ± 5.3 | 20.4± 4.4 | 21.9 ± 9.1 | 0.34 |
| LVEDD, cm | 6.5 ± 0.8 | 6.8± 0.8 | 6.2 ± 1.2 | 0.02 |
| RV function a | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 2.1± 0.6 | 2.0 ± 0.6 | 0.37 |
| Catheterization Data | ||||
| Mean PAP, mmHg | 41.3 ± 7.6 | 35.5± 9.7 | 30.3 ± 9.9 | <0.001 |
| PCWP, mmHg | 27.5 ± 7.6 | 25.3± 9.0 | 20.2 ± 7.2 | 0.001 |
| CVP, mmHg | 15.7 ± 8.6 | 12.5± 6.9 | 9.8 ± 5.7 | 0.005 |
| Cardiac Output, L/min | 2.7 ± 0.6 | 3.4± 1.1 | 3.2 ± 1.0 | 0.08 |
| Cardiac index, L/min/m2 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.7± 0.5 | 1.7 ± 0.5 | 0.04 |
| PVR, dyn*s/cm5 | 448.2 ± 170.5 | 284.1± 136.7 | 288.3 ± 184.4 | 0.006 |
| RVSWI, gm/m2/beat | 7.1 ± 3.3 | 7.8± 3.6 | 7.7 ± 2.5 | 0.83 |
| Pre-operative Support, n(%) | ||||
| Inotrope | 18 (78.3) | 41 (95.3) | 39 (83.0) | 0.09 |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 7 (30.4) | 12 (27.9) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Centrimag BiVAD/ECMO | 0 (0) | 4 (9.3) | 0 (0) | 0.03 |
a
RV function scale (1 = normal, 2= mild to moderate dysfunction, 3= severe dysfunction)
Abbreviations: BSA=body surface area, COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CVP=central venous pressure, ECMO=extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, LVEDD=left ventricular end diastolic dimension, PAP=pulmonary arterial pressure, PCWP=pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, PVR=pulmonary vascular resistance, RVSWI=right ventricular stroke work index, TIA=transient ischemic attack