Table 4.
Relative Risks of Hearing Loss According to Individual Alcoholic Beverage Intake
| Frequency of Intake (servings) | Cases | Person-years | Age-adjusted Relative Risk (95% CI) | Multivariate-adjusted Relative Riska (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beer | ||||
| <1/month | 7598 | 635644 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1/mo–1/wk | 3409 | 274238 | 1.00 (0.96,1.04) | 1.04 (1.00,1.09) |
| 2–4/wk | 961 | 78464 | 1.06 (0.99,1.13) | 1.12**(1.04,1.20) |
| 5+/wk | 402 | 32848 | 1.13*(1.02,1.25) | 1.15*(1.04,1.28) |
| p-trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Wine | ||||
| <1/month | 5594 | 475704 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1/mo–1/wk | 4722 | 387693 | 0.93**(0.89,0.96) | 0.94*(0.90,0.98) |
| 2–4/wk | 1408 | 106670 | 0.90**(0.85,0.95) | 0.93*(0.87,0.99) |
| 5+/wk | 651 | 52183 | 0.81**(0.75,0.88) | 0.84**(0.77,0.92) |
| p-trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Liquor | ||||
| <1/month | 9157 | 762476 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 1/mo–1/wk | 2752 | 219965 | 1.00 (0.95,1.04) | 1.00 (0.95,1.05) |
| 2–4/wk | 322 | 27424 | 0.92 (0.82,1.03) | 0.93 (0.83,1.04) |
| 5+/wk | 144 | 11990 | 0.95 (0.81,1.12) | 0.93 (0.78,1.09) |
| p-trend | 0.23 | 0.09 | ||
a
Adjusted for age, body mass index, waist circumference, physical activity, folate, vitamin B12, magnesium, potassium, vitamin A, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, race, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory use, acetaminophen use, tinnitus, and intake of the other types of alcoholic beverages.
*
Denotes statistically significant higher or lower hazard ratio compared with a reference level of 1.00 (*, p <0.05; **, p < 0.001).