| Psychoeducation |
Educate youth and parents about tics to reduce stigma Identify youth’s tics, and assess impact of tics on functioning Provide rationale for treatment, and describe treatment model
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| Abbreviated Habit Reversal Training |
Increase awareness of tics and associated premonitory urges Identify and implement competing responses Discuss use of social support and reinforcement system
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| Feeling Identification & Cognitive Restructuring |
Provide education on the relationship between thought and feelings Identify feelings and thoughts related to tics Identify and discuss cognitive distortions related to tics Learning to challenge cognitive distortions
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| Problem Solving |
Provide training in problem solving steps Practice problem solving skills for tic and non-tic related problems Increase sense of efficacy for solving problems
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| Parent Training for Disruptive Behaviors |
Educate parents about disruptive behaviors among youth with CTDs Identify antecedents and consequences of disruptive behaviors Identify an appropriate reinforcement system Develop contingencies for positive and negative behaviors
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| Emotion Regulation and Anger Management |
Provide education about difficulty some youth with CTDs have regulation emotions (e.g., anger, anxiety) Identify antecedents and consequences to episodic anger and anxiety Teach coping strategies for negative emotions (e.g., cognitive restructuring, redirection, relaxation training, problem solving skills)
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| Overcoming Tic-Related Avoidance |
Identify activities that are avoided due to tics Discuss rationale for exposure session, and develop hierarchy Conduct in-session exposures (if appropriate) Discuss use of reinforcement system for completed activities
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| Talking About Tics & Coping at School |
Discuss teasing/bullying and identify strategies to deal with teasing Discuss and role-play ways to talk to others about tics Identify and troubleshoot problems tics cause at school Discuss strategies for improving focus on schoolwork Review appropriate classroom accommodations
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| Improving Self-Esteem |
Normalize tics and challenge beliefs about limitations due to tics Discuss youth's positive attributes Identify and engage in activities that build on personal strengths Discuss potential advantages of living with tics
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| Relapse Prevention |
Review progress since starting treatment Review strategies and coping skills learned in therapy Discuss steps necessary to maintain treatment gains
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