Table 2.
Mean (±SD) global cognitive composite Z-scores in the PD subjects with and without diabetes. ANCOVA F-values (with levels of significance) are listed for the cortical AChE hydrolysis rates (k3; min−1) and striatal VMAT2 distribution volume ratio (DVR), education and LED (levodopa-equivalent dose) co-variates and overall group effect. A post hoc analysis of the cognitive domain Z-scores is also presented.
| PD with diabetes (n=15)* |
PD without diabetes (n=133)* |
Striatal VMAT2 DVR |
Cortical AChE hydrolysis rates (min−1) |
Years of education (yr) |
LED | Diabetes group effect |
Overall model |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global cognitive Z-score | −0.98±1.01 | −0.36±0.91 | F=8.55, P=0.0040 | F=8.17, P=0.0049 | F=9.50, P=0.0025 | F=0.08, P=0.77 | F=7.78, P=0.0060 | F=8.39, P<0.0001 |
| Post hoc cognitive domain analysis | ||||||||
| Verbal learning Z-score | −0.95±1.00 | −0.57±1.24 | F=4.16, P=0.043 | F=7.58, P=0.0067 | F=1.06, P=0.39 | F=0.51, P=0.48 | F=1.94, P=0.17 | F=4.44, P=0.0009 |
| Executive functions Z-score | −1.22±1.31 | −0.60±1.17 | F=8.88, P=0.0034 | F=5.01, P=0.027 | F=10.51, P=0.0015 | F=0.77, P=0.38 | F=4.46, P=0.036 | F=6.90, P<0.0001 |
| Visuospatial function Z-score | −0.77±1.04 | −0.18±1.14 | F=0.49, P=0.49 | F=3.05, P=0.083 | F=7.43, P=0.0072 | F=0.66, P=0.42 | F=3.60, P=0.06 | F=3.27, P=0.008 |
| Attention Z-score | −1.02±1.52 | −0.09±1.09 | F=10.36, P=0.0016 | F=3.64, P=0.058 | F=5.92, P=0.016 | F=0.00, P=0.96 | F=9.88, P=0.002 | F=7.59, P<0.0001 |
*
The group means are covariate-adjusted.