Table A2.
Sensitivity Analysis: Associations Between Male Pattern Baldness at Age 45 Years and Prostate Cancer Risk in the Analytic Cohort Restricted to the Subcohort of Individuals Enrolled After the Date of Trial Protocol Change (N = 33,367)
| Male Pattern Baldness at Age 45 Years | Total Incident Prostate Cancer (N = 1,053) |
Aggressive Prostate Cancer* (n = 517) |
Nonaggressive Prostate Cancer* (n = 521) |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted† |
Multivariable‡ |
Unadjusted† |
Multivariable‡ |
Unadjusted† |
Multivariable‡ |
|||||||
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| No baldness | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | ||||||
| Any baldness | 1.06 | 0.93 to 1.19 | 1.04 | 0.92 to 1.18 | 1.11 | 0.93 to 1.32 | 1.10 | 0.92 to 1.31 | 0.99 | 0.83 to 1.18 | 0.97 | 0.82 to 1.16 |
| Frontal baldness only | 1.04 | 0.90 to 1.21 | 1.03 | 0.89 to 1.20 | 1.05 | 0.85 to 1.31 | 1.04 | 0.84 to 1.30 | 1.04 | 0.84 to 1.28 | 1.02 | 0.83 to 1.26 |
| Any frontal plus vertex baldness | 1.07 | 0.93 to 1.23 | 1.05 | 0.91 to 1.22 | 1.16 | 0.95 to 1.42 | 1.15 | 0.94 to 1.41 | 0.95 | 0.77 to 1.17 | 0.93 | 0.76 to 1.15 |
| Frontal plus mild vertex baldness | 1.03 | 0.85 to 1.25 | 1.01 | 0.84 to 1.23 | 1.06 | 0.81 to 1.40 | 1.05 | 0.79 to 1.38 | 0.94 | 0.71 to 1.24 | 0.93 | 0.70 to 1.22 |
| Frontal plus moderate vertex baldness | 1.19 | 0.98 to 1.46 | 1.19 | 0.97 to 1.45 | 1.40 | 1.06 to 1.84 | 1.39 | 1.06 to 1.83 | 0.97 | 0.71 to 1.32 | 0.96 | 0.70 to 1.30 |
| Frontal plus severe vertex baldness | 0.95 | 0.73 to 1.23 | 0.93 | 0.72 to 1.22 | 0.99 | 0.68 to 1.44 | 0.99 | 0.68 to 1.44 | 0.93 | 0.64 to 1.35 | 0.90 | 0.62 to 1.31 |
NOTE. Missing values of covariates (excluding male pattern baldness at age 45 years) were imputed in sequential regression multiple imputation models via IVEware in SAS v.9.3.
Abbreviations: HR, hazard ratio; Ref., reference.
Aggressive prostate cancer was defined as biopsy Gleason score ≥ 7, and/or clinical stage III or greater, and/or prostate cancer as underlying cause of death. Nonaggressive prostate cancer was defined as otherwise. Fourteen prostate cancers lacked enough information to determine prostate cancer subtypes.
Unadjusted model: age (month) was used as the underlying time metric.
Multivariable model: adjusted for screening arm (usual care, screening), screening center (10 centers, not listed here), race (white, black, other), education (less than high school, high school graduate, some college, college graduate, postgraduate), married or cohabiting (yes, no), diabetes (yes, no), body mass index at age 50 years (< 18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25.0-29.9, ≥ 30 kg/m2), cigarette smoking (ever, never), aspirin use frequency (none or < 1 time per month, ≤ 2 times per week, 3-6 times per week, ≥ 7 times per week), and myocardial infarction (yes, no).