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. 2014 Dec 2;8(2):139–146. doi: 10.1242/dmm.018275

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© 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed.

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Fig. 4. — Gene expression levels in response to exogenous BMP2 and ATRA as assessed by qPCR. P19 cell cultures were treated for 24 hours with vehicle control (0.00001% BSA, 0.001% DMSO, Ctrl), 10 ng/ml recombinant human BMP2 (BMP2), 1 μM ATRA (RA), or 10 ng/ml rhBMP2 and 1 μM ATRA (RA+BMP). Gene expression was normalized to the expression of Gapdh, and is shown relative to the mean vehicle-treated control expression (set at 1), with transcript levels quantified by qPCR. ATRA induced both BMP2 and its downstream targets in P19 cells. Combined BMP and ATRA treatment resulted in a significant increase in Trp53inp1 expression. Results are mean±s.e.m. (n=6). ***P<0.001 compared with Ctrl; ^†††P<0.001 compared with BMP treatment; ^††P<0.01 compared with BMP treatment; ^‡‡‡P<0.001 compared with BMP+ATRA treatment (Tukey’s test).