Fig. 3.

Effect of P. spinosa hydroalcoholic extract, loperamide and 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)- hexanonic acid on small intestinal transit (0.5 ml of charcoal meal). Gastrointestinal transit was expressed as the percentage of distance that charcoal moved relative to whole length of small intestine over an hour. Data are mean ± SEM (n=10) for each group. ***P<0.001 in comparison with corresponding vehicle treated control group (Student's t-test).