. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.

Published in final edited form as: Soc Dev. 2015 Feb;24(1):76–94. doi: 10.1111/sode.12084

Table 1.

Means and Standard Deviations of Study Variables

	T1	T2	T3
Sadness

Mother-reported [0–6 scale]	2.19 (.85)	2.18 (.84)	2.84 (.75)
Caregiver-reported [0–6 scale]	1.80 (.98)	1.81 (.82)	2.77 (.77)

Sympathy^a

Experimenter hurt – hypothesis testing [0–2 scale]	.23 (.32)	.29 (.38)	.15 (.26)
Experimenter hurt – concerned attention [0–3 scale]	.09 (.24)	.13 (.26)	--

Prosocial Behavior

Mother-reported [0–2 scale]	1.17 (.59)	1.41 (.49)	1.50 (.48)
Father-reported [0–2 scale]	1.05 (.58)	1.38 (.53)	1.45 (.54)
Caregiver-reported [0–2 scale]	1.06 (.64)	1.34 (.56)	1.37 (.57)
Observed prosocial behavior^b	.11 (.31)	.27 (.44)	.24 (.43)

Note. Standard deviations presented in parentheses.

Means and standard deviations are presented for sympathy measures prior to standardizing.

After dichotomizing. Observed prosocial behavior consisted of direct and indirect helping at T1 and direct prosocial behavior, indirect prosocial behavior, and prosocial verbalizations at T2 and T3.