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. 2015 Jan 15;9(3):1089–1094. doi: 10.3892/ol.2015.2881

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Copyright © 2015, Spandidos Publications

This is an open-access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported License. The article may be redistributed, reproduced, and reused for non-commercial purposes, provided the original source is properly cited.

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Immunofluorescence revealing the phenotype conversion of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the A549 cells. Positive cytoplasmic expression of cluster of differentiation (CD)105 was observed in the HUVECs from (A) the negative control group and (B) the co-cultured group. A high expression level represented activated endothelium in the tumor microenvironment. Glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP-78) was expressed in the cytoplasm of the A549 cells from (C) the control group and (D) the co-cultured group. The mean optical density of GRP-78 expression in the co-culture group and control group was 58.5987±7.1013 and 39.1734±2.2089, respectively. The co-culture group demonstrated a significantly increased expression of GRP-78 compared with the control group (P=0.0397).