TABLE 1.

Substance Use Prior to Incarceration

	Percentage	N
Marijuana use
Report ever using marijuana	82	452/552a
Recent marijuana use (30 days prior to incarceration)
None (0 days)	26	146/552
Infrequent use (<10 days)	11	62/552
Frequent use (10–29 days)	8	42/552
Daily users	55	302/552
Alcohol use
Report ever using alcohol	65	359/552
Recent alcohol use (per week, 30 days prior to incarceration)
None (0 times per week)	52	283/550
Occasional (1–3 times per week)	35	193/550
Frequent (4–6 times per week)	6	31/550
Daily (7 or more times per week)	8	43/55
Among recent drinkers, times drunk in the past 90 days		267
None	14	38/263
1–11 drunk occasions	46	120/263
12 or more drunk occasions	31	81/263
Cannot recall number of drunk occasions	9	24/263
Other drug use
Used hard drugsb (30 days prior to incarceration)	7	36/550
Ever injected drugs with needle	<1	1/552
Report ever smoking cigarettes	62	344/552
Daily smoker	48	263/551
One pack or more a day	17	91/541
Daily substance use (30 days prior to incarceration)
Used marijuana, alcohol, or cigarettes on a daily basis	70	387/550
Drug and alcohol dependencec
Drug dependent	20	108/552
Alcohol dependent	8	44/552
Ever overdosed on drugs	3	17/552
Substance abuse treatment
Have received treatment for alcohol or drug abuse (ever)	19	104/552
Among treated, has ever received treatment in a correctional facility	14	15/104
Sources of money for drug and alcohol use/30 days prior to incarceration among recent users		450
Sold drugs to get money for drugs or alcohol	56	243/434
Engaged in other illegal activity to get money for drugs/alcohol	10	41/433

^aBase sizes vary slightly due to nonresponse, which has been ignored unless it exceeds 4%.

^bIncludes cocaine/crack, heroin, inhalants, acid, ecstasy, speed, phencyclidine (PCP), steroids, and others.

^cDependence defined as saying “yes” to at least 3 of 6 diagnostic criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV).