Table 2.
Structural, demographic and behavioral features of peer groups by gender composition
| All Girls (N=1402) |
Mostly Girls (N=541) |
Mixed-Sex (N=629) |
Mostly Boys (N=299) |
All Boys (N=1387) |
F (gender comp) df(4,4233) |
Other Effects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Structural Features | |||||||
| Size | 9.81a (4.42) | 12.19b (6.06) | 10.68c (5.47) | 11.94b (5.79) | 10.24ac (5.10) | 24.68*** | W: 10.83*** |
| Density | 0.38 a (0.17) | 0.28 b (0.12) | 0.26 c (0.11) | 0.24 c (0.10) | 0.30 d (0.14) | 123.95*** | W: 10.66*** |
| Reciprocity | 0.47 a (0.18) | 0.42 b (0.15) | 0.35 c (0.17) | 0.30 c (0.15) | 0.35 c (0.17) | W*G: 3.21*** | |
| Transitivity | 0.51 a (0.19) | 0.44 b (0.17) | 0.39 c (0.19) | 0.39c (0.17) | 0.44d (0.20) | 47.86*** | W: 8.88*** |
| Demographic & Family | |||||||
| % Free/Reduced Lunch | 0.31ab (0.25) | 0.30ab (0.24) | 0.33a (0.25) | 0.29ab (0.22) | 0.29b (0.23) | 7.22*** | W: 12.60*** |
| % Non-white | 0.17ac (0.23) | 0.20bc (0.24) | 0.21b (0.24) | 0.16a (0.18) | 0.17a (0.21) | 3.58** | W: 4.43** |
| % Single parent | 0.23a (0.17) | 0.25 ab (0.16) | 0.26b (0.17) | 0.22ac (0.15) | 0.21c (0.16) | 9.36*** | |
| Church attend | 5.14a (1.23) | 4.77a (1.18) | 4.36b (1.23) | 4.46b (1.21) | 4.72a (1.20) | 40.61*** | W: 45.47*** |
| Family Relations | 0.03a (0.26) | −0.06b(0.25) | −0.09b (0.26) | −0.06b (0.23) | 0.01c (0.22) | W*G: 1.69* | |
| Individual Behavior | |||||||
| Cigarette Use | 1.20 a (0.40) | 1.31 b (0.44) | 1.40 c (0.55) | 1.25 ab (0.36) | 1.18 d (0.31) | W*G: 2.81*** | |
| Alcohol use | 1.28 a (0.35) | 1.38 b (0.38) | 1.43 c (0.42) | 1.39 bc (0.39) | 1.32 d (0.34) | 3.26* | W: 315.91*** |
| Delinquency | 0.09 a (0.37) | 0.22 b (0.40) | 0.38 c (0.42) | 0.39 c (0.40) | 0.32 d (0.38) | 88.22*** | W: 100.53*** |
| Grades | 4.19a (0.50) | 4.08b (0.51) | 3.87c (0.53) | 3.93cd (0.47) | 3.97d (0.52) | 46.06*** | W: 39.50*** |
| Popularity | 0.61a (0.12) | 0.59 b (0.11) | 0.53c (0.12) | 0.54c (0.10) | 0.53c (0.12) | 94.72*** | W: 2.45* |
Note.
p < .001,
p < .01,
p < .05.
N of participants included in these comparisons range from 13,151 to 14,012. Within each row, entries with different superscripts are significantly different based on contrasts. For group size and all individual characteristics, we compared every group mean to every other group mean and adjusted for multiple comparisons using bonferroni correction. For density, reciprocity and transitivity, we controlled for group size and conducted planned contrasts using mixed-sex as the reference group. F-values are presented for differences by group gender composition when significant. When significant differences emerged by wave (“W”), gender (“G”), or a wave by gender interaction (W*G), F values for these differences are reported in the final column.