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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 3.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2014 Sep 15;50(11):2449–2461. doi: 10.1037/a0037856

Table 4.

Influence Model: Predicting Cigarette Use from Mixed Sex Group Membership Status at Previous Wave

Model 1:
Basic
Model 2:
Demographic &
Behavioral
Controls
Model 3:
Controlling for
Group Mean
Cigarette Use
Fixed Effects Estimate SE Estimate SE Estimate SE

 Intercept  1.21***  .01    .60***  .02    .61***  .02
 Wave    .15***  .01    .06***  .01    .06***  .01
 Gender  −.04***  .01  −.06***  .01  −.05***  .01
 Wave * Gender  −.04***  .01  −.03***  .01  −.03**  .01
Mixed Sex (t-1)    .06***  .01    .04**  .01    .04*  .01
Outcome (t-1)
 Cigarette Use    .60***  .01    .60***  .01
 Wave * Cigarette Use  −.01  .01  −.01  .01
Controls (t-1)
 White < .01  .01 < .01  .01
 Free/reduced lunch  .01** < .01  .01* < .01
 Two-parent family  −.05***  .01  −.05***  .01
 Religious attendance  −.01*** < .01  −.01*** < .01
 Family relations    .13***  .01    .13***  .01
 School grades  −.07***  .01  −.07***  .01
 Bonacich Centrality    .02  .01    .02  .01
Peer Group Structure (t-1)
 Group Size < .01 < .01 < .01 < .01
 Group Density    .01  .07    .01  .07
 Group Reciprocity  −.09*  .04  −.07  .04
 Group Transitivity < .01  .04 < .01  .04
Peer Group Means (t-1)
 White    .01  .03    .02  .03
 Free/reduced lunch  −.01  .01  −.01  .01
 Two-parent family  −.02  .03  −.01  .03
 Religious attendance  −.01 < .01  −.01* < .01
 Family relations  −.04  .03 < .01  .03
 School grades  −.05***  .01  −.03*  .01
 Average Popularity    .03  .06    .02  .06
 Cigarette Use    .15***  .03
 Wave * Cigarette Use    .01  .02
Random Effects

Between Community
  Intercept    .01*** < .01 < .01** < .01 < .01* < .01
  Wave < .01*** < .01 < .01** < .01 < .01* < .01
  Covariance: Intercept, Wave < .01*** < .01 < .01*** < .01 < .01* < .01
Between Person
  Intercept    .17*** < .01
  Wave    .01*** < .01    .05*** < .01    .05*** < .01
  Covariance: Intercept, Wave    .12*** < .01
Within Person
  Residual    .28*** < .01    .36*** < .01    .36*** < .01

Note.

***

p < .001,

**

p < .01,

*

p < .05; N of participants included in this model = 9,715.