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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropharmacology. 2014 Jun 17;85:499–507. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.06.011

Figure 1. METH and HIV-1 modulate excitotoxicity and astrocyte viability.

Figure 1

Astrocytes were treated with METH (500 μM) and/or HIV-1 (p24 10 ng/mL). RNA was isolated at 8 hr and assayed for EAAT-2 levels by real-time PCR. EAAT-2 levels were significantly lower in astrocytes treated with METH (*p<0.05), HIV-1 (***p<0.001) and METH + HIV-1 (A, ***p<0.001, n=5). Glutamate clearance was measured at 4 hr and 10 hr post-glutamate addition and was significantly decreased with METH, HIV-1 and in combined conditions at 10 hr (B, ***p<0.001, n=3). No significant differences in GFAP mRNA levels were observed (C). To determine astrocyte viability, metabolic activity (D), cytotoxicity (E) and apoptosis (F) were measured following 24 hr activation with METH and/or HIV-1. Transient treatment of METH and/or HIV-1 did not significantly increase MTT, LDH activity or apoptosis (D–F, n=3). Multiple astrocyte donors (n) were tested, each analyzed in a minimum of triplicate determinations.