IP3R3+/−mice intranasally aspirated saline vehicle or NPY (4–100 nmol/kg) or ATP (400 nmol/kg) and the OE tissue was collected 2 days later. BrdU (total 144 mg/kg) was injected (i.p.) at 6 and 3 hours prior tissue collection. (A) Representative images of BrdU-labeled basal cells in the OE of IP3R3+/− mice treated with vehicle or NPY at 2, 6, 12, and 24 months. Scale bar = 10 µm. Arrows indicate BrdU+ basal cells. (B) NPY (4 nmol/kg) significantly increases BrdU+ basal cells in the OE of IP3R3+/− mice at 2 and 6 but not 12 and 24 months. # p < 0.05 vs. corresponding vehicle, * p < 0.05 vs. vehicle-treated 2 or 6 month mice (Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey/Kramer Procedure post-hoc test; n = 3–6 mice per group). (C) The dose response of NPY (4, 20 and 100 nmol/kg) on basal cell proliferation in the OE of IP3R3+/− mice at 12 months. The number of BrdU+ basal cells was significantly increased with 100 nmol/kg NPY. * p < 0.01 vs. vehicle, 4 and 20 nmol/kg NPY (One-way ANOVA followed by Newman-Keuls post-hoc test; n = 3–4 mice per group). (D) ATP (400 nmol/kg) significantly increases BrdU+ basal cells in the OE of IP3R3+/− mice at 2 but not 24 months. # p < 0.01 vs. corresponding vehicle, * p < 0.05 vs. vehicle-treated 2 month mice (Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey/Kramer Procedure post-hoc test; n = 3–6 mice per group).