Table 1.
Population | Author (year) |
Clinical Group M/F |
HC M/F |
Urine Screen? |
Image Analysis |
MC | Phase/ Contrast |
Striatal Response |
Coordinates | Correlations with Striatal Response |
Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alcohol Dependence(AD) | Wrase et al., 2007 (42) | 16M | 16M | ∪ | WB ROI |
✗ ✓ |
Gain > Neutral | ↓ | -16,12,-4 |
|
|
Loss > Neutral | ↓ | -16,12,-4 | |||||||||
Bjork et al., 2008 (46) | 12M 11F |
12M 11F |
∪ | WB ROI |
✓ | Gain > Neutral | — | TC: ±10,10,-4 |
|
|
|
Loss > Neutral | — | ||||||||||
Beck et al., 2009 (43) | 19M | 19M | ∪ | WB ROI |
✗ ✓ |
Gain > Neutral | ↓ | 12,15,-6 |
|
|
|
Loss > Neutral | ↓ (trend) | ||||||||||
Bjork et al., 2012 (45) | 15M 14F |
12M 11F |
∪ | WB ROI |
✓ | Pre-response: Gain Neutral | — | TC: ±8,11,0 |
|
||
Post-response: Win > Hit | — |
|
|
||||||||
Children of Alcoholics | Andrews et al., 2011 (53) | 10M 20F |
7M 12F |
∪ | WB ROI |
✓ ✓ |
A1 Gain > baseline | ↑ | Caudate: -21,-36,18 |
|
|
A2 Gain > baseline | ↓ | VS: 9,12,-6 | VS activity negatively correlates with self-reported compulsivity and reward/punish ment sensitivity | ||||||||
Yau et al., 2012 (57) | 12M 8F |
12M 8F |
✗ | WB ROI |
✓ ✓ |
Gain > Neutral | ↓ | -10, 13, -8 & 11, 13, -8 |
|
|
|
Cocaine Dependence (CD) | Jia, Worhun-sky et al., 2011 (50) | 12M 8F |
12M 8F |
✗ | ROI | ✓ | Gain > Neutral | ↑ | Caudate 10,8,3 | – |
|
Bustame-nte et al., 2013 (51) | 17M | 18M | ∪ | ROI | ✓ | Gain > Neutral | — | 10,8,0 & -10,10,-2 |
|
||
Gain > Neutral | ↓ | Caudate 12,5,19 |
|
||||||||
Patel et al., 2013 (52) | Current: 24M 18F Former: 26M 9F |
26M 21F |
∪ | ROI | ✓ | A1 Gain > baseline | — | Custom-drawn |
|
|
|
A2 Gain > baseline | — | ||||||||||
A1 Loss > baseline | — | ||||||||||
A2 Loss > baseline | — | ||||||||||
Stimulant Challenge Studies | Knutson et al., 2004 (58) | – | 6M 2F |
✗ | ROI | ✗ | Gain > Neutral | ↓ | TC: ±11,12,-2– |
|
|
Loss > Neutral | ↑ | ||||||||||
Schouw et al., 2012 (59) | Recreational users: 8M | 8M | ∪ | ROI | ✗ | Gain > Neutral | ↓ | – |
|
||
Loss > Neutral | — | ||||||||||
8M | ∪ | ROI | ✗ | Gain > Neutral | ↓ |
|
|||||
Recreational users: 8M | ∪ | ROI | ✗ | Gain > Neutral | — | ||||||
Nicotine Dependence(ND) | Rose et al., 2013 (47) | 13M 15F |
16M 12F |
∪ | WB ROI |
✓ ✓ |
PRIME-1 Valence | ↓ | Caudate -13,10, 0 9,12,2 (TC) | Modified MIDT with 2 primes; PRIME-1 representing valence (Gain>Loss) PRIME-2 representing magnitude | |
13M 15F |
16M 12F |
∪ | WB ROI |
✓ ✓ |
PRIME-1 Valence | ↓ | VS -13,10,-8 (TC) |
|
|||
PRIME-2 Gain Magn itude | ↑ | Caudate -7,6,6 (TC) | |||||||||
PRIME-2 Loss Magn itude | ↑ | Caudate -10,1,1 4 (TC) | |||||||||
13M 15F |
– | PRIME-1 Valence | ↓ | Putamen 24,-4,4 (TC) |
|
||||||
Jansmaet al., 2013 (60) | 10M | 11M | ∪ | ROI | ✗ | Gain > Neutr al | ↓ | ±12,14,-8 |
|
||
Marijuana Dependence | Van Hell et al., 2010 (48) | 13M1F Smokers: 11M3F | 11M2F | ∪ | WB ROI |
✓ | Gain > Neutral | ↓ | ±14,14,-8(TC) | – |
|
Nestor et al., 2010 (49) | 14M | 14M | ∪ +THC | WB | ✓ | Gain > Baseline | ↑ | 20,8,-4 | VS activity during ‘win’ correlates positively with # of reported lifetime joints smoked |
|
|
Loss > Baseline | — | ||||||||||
Filbey et al., 2013 (63) | 47M 12F |
5M 22F |
∪ +THC | WB | ✓ | Gain > Neutral | — | MNI extents on x: 8-16; y=15-6; z=-4--12 |
|
||
Loss > Baseline | — | ||||||||||
Van Hell et al., 2012 (61) | 11M | ∪ | ROI | ✗ | Gain > Neutral | – | Dorsal caudate -8,4,4 & 12,8,0 |
|
|||
Gambling | Balodiset al., 2012 (55) | 10M 4F |
10M 4F |
∪ | WB ROI |
✓ ✓ |
A1 Gain | ↓ |
|
||
A2 Gain | ↓ | 10,12,-11 | VS activity correlates negatively with self-reported motor impulsivity | ||||||||
A1 Loss | ↓ | ||||||||||
A2 Loss | ↓ | -10,12,-11 | VS activity correlates negatively with self-reported impulsivity and cognitive impulsivity on the Barratt Impulsivity Scale | ||||||||
Choi et al., 2012 (56) | 15M | 15M | ✗ | WB ROI |
Gain > Neutral | ↓ | 0,3,0 |
|
|||
Loss > Neutral | ↓ | 0,3,0 |
M= Male; F= Female; ∪ = Urine Screen; ✗ = not done; ✓ = done; WB=Whole Brain Analysis; MC Correction= Correction for Multiple Comparisons; ROI = Region of Interest; ↓ = decreased striatal activity; ↑ = increased striatal activity; VS = Ventral Striatum; HC = Healthy Control; THC =Tetrahydrocannabinol; TC= Talairach Coordinates; MNI=Montreal Neurological Institute Coordinates (x,y,z), unless stated, all coordinates are in MNI.