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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 31.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Cancer Res. 2014 Aug 27;21(3):498–504. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-13-2438

Table 1.

Tumor phenotypes of autophagy-deficient mice and the effect of autophagy deficiency on tumor development in established mouse tumor models.

Autophagy defect Oncogenic driver Genetic
background		 Lesion or tumor type Effect Ref.
Becn1+/− N/A C57BL/6 Liver/lung tumors, lymphomas, mammary hyperplasias (independent of parity) graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg
graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg 		32,
33
Becn1+/− N/A FVB/N Mammary hyperplasias in nulliparous mice
Mammary tumors after parity		 graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg
graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg 		34
Atg5F/F;CAG-Cre N/A C57BL/6 Hepatomas graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg 35
Mosaic Atg7 deletion N/A C57BL/6 Hepatomas graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg 35
Bif1−/− N/A mixed Lymphomas graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg 36
Becn1+/− Atm−/− C57BL/6 Lymphoma graphic file with name nihms624742t2.jpg 39
Becn1+/− Eu-Myc C57BL/6 Lymphoma graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg 39
Bif1−/− and Bif1+/− Eu-Myc C57BL/6 Lymphoma graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg 12
FIP200F/F;MMTV-Cre MMTV-PyMT FVB/N Mammary tumors
Lung metastases		 graphic file with name nihms624742t2.jpg
graphic file with name nihms624742t2.jpg 		40
Becn1+/− Palb2F/F;WAP-Cre Mixed Mammary tumors graphic file with name nihms624742t2.jpg 41
Becn1+/− Palb2F/F;Trp5F/F;WAP-Cre Mixed Mammary tumors Neutral 41
Becn1+/− MMTV-Neu Mixed Mammary tumors Neutral 42
Becn1+/− MMTV-PyMT FVB/N Mammary tumors Neutral 42
Becn1+/− MMTV-Wnt1 FVB/N Mammary tumors (basal-like) graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg 34
Atg5F/F;Adeno-Cre* LSL-Kras(G12D) ND Early lung tumors
Late lung tumors*** 		graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg
graphic file with name nihms624742t2.jpg 		43
Atg5F/F;Adeno-Cre* LSL-Kras(G12D);Trp53F/F** ND Early lung tumors
Late lung tumors*** 		Neutral
Neutral		 43
Atg7F/F;Adeno-Cre* LSL-Kras(G12D) C57BL/6 Early lung tumors
Late lung tumors*** 		ND
graphic file with name nihms624742t2.jpg 		45
Atg7F/F;Adeno-Cre* LSL-Kras(G12D);Trp53F/F** ND Early lung tumors
Late lung tumors*** 		ND
graphic file with name nihms624742t2.jpg 		45
Atg7F/F;Adeno-Cre* LSL-Braf(V600E) mixed Early lung tumors
Late lung tumors*** 		graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg
graphic file with name nihms624742t2.jpg 		44
Atg7F/F;Adeno-Cre* LSL-Braf(V600E);Trp53F/F** mixed Early lung tumors
Late lung tumors*** 		graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg
graphic file with name nihms624742t2.jpg 		44
Atg5F/F;Pdx1-Cre LSL-Kras(G12D) ND Low-grade PanIN
High-grade PanIN and PDAC		 graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg
graphic file with name nihms624742t2.jpg 		48
Atg7F/F;Pdx1-Cre LSL-Kras(G12D) ND Low-grade PanIN
High-grade PanIN and PDAC		 graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg
graphic file with name nihms624742t2.jpg 		48
Atg5F/F;Pdx1-Cre LSL-Kras(G12D);Trp53F/F** ND PDAC graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg 48
Atg7F/F;Pdx1-Cre LSL-Kras(G12D);Trp53F/F** ND PDAC graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg 48
Atg5F/F;Pdx1-Cre LSL-Kras(G12D);Trp53F/W mixed Low-grade PanIN
High-grade PanIN and PDAC		 graphic file with name nihms624742t1.jpg
graphic file with name nihms624742t2.jpg 		49

ND, not described;

*

deletion is driven by intranasal delivery of Adeno-Cre;

**

Trp53 is co-deleted with Atg5 or Atg7 in the same cells;

***

in autophagy-proficient setting, lung tumors (early and late) are adenomas and adenocarcinomas under Trp53+/+ and Trp53-null conditions, respectively, whereas in autophagy-deficient setting, late lung tumors are benign oncocytomas regardless of Trp53 status.