Figure 5.

2014 proposed management flowchart. Irrespective of why pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are identified, all should be considered for embolization if technically feasible and suitable expertise is available. *Caution required if preexisting severe pulmonary hypertension is present when risk benefit considerations change (increased risk of procedural related mortality; reduced benefit form prevention of paradoxical embolic strokes [90]). ^$Advise of risks of brain abscess and hemorrhagic strokes that may modify stroke management (early MRI scan, caution with thrombolysis). CT = computerized tomography; HHT = hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.