Table 1.

Steps in the process of establishing the measurement invariance in multi-country analysis—fit statistics for a one-factor solution in multi-group confirmatory factor analysis

Countries	RMSEA	CFI	TLI
Pooled dataset (confirmatory factor analysis)
All 16 countries	0.032	0.981	0.962
Multi-country analysis (multi-group confirmatory factor analysis)
Configural invariance
All 16 countries	0.083	0.864	0.771
CEE countries belonging to the EU and Albania	0.057	0.933	0.901
Full weak measurement invariance
CEE countries belonging to the EU and Albania	0.175	0.000	0.000

Note RMSEA the root-mean-square error of approximation; CFI the comparative-fit index; TLI the Tucker-Lewis index; RMSEA < 0.08 indicates a satisfactorily low level of noise in the model; CFI > 0.95 and TLI > 0.95 indicate satisfactorily level of model fit; CFI > 0.90 and TLI > 0.90 indicate acceptable level of model fit; CEE Central and Eastern European countries, EU European Union