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. 2014;17(1):14–21. doi: 10.1298/jjpta.Vol17_003

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Effects of the thermal environment on cell proliferation, viability, and apoptosis. (A) Cell number and (B) cell viability when cultured at 32°C, 37°C, and 41°C for 2, 4 and 8 days (n = 3). (C) The proportion of TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells. The TUNEL assay was performed to determine the proportion of apoptotic chondrocytes cultured at 32°C, 37°C, and 41°C for 3 days (n ≥ 6). All values represent the means and standard deviations (SD). **P < 0.01. N.S.; not significant.