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. 2014 Dec 31;57(12):505–513. doi: 10.3345/kjp.2014.57.12.505

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in epithelial injury and repair mechanisms. Many factors related to prematurity such as infections, inappropriate enteral nutrition, antibiotics use, microcirculatory dysfunction, and hypoxia can induce epithelial injury. Hyperactivation of TLR4 enhances translocation of pathological bacteria across the epithelial barrier. Modified from Terrin et al. Biomed Res Int 2014;2014:54376527).