Table 2.
Significantly activated brain regions during Stop-inhibit and Switch responses.
| Response and contrast type | L/R | Brain regions | x y z | Cluster size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop-inhibit > StGo (Whole brain) | R | IPC (BA 40, 39; angular, supra marginal) | 64, −44, 14 | 9762 |
| L | IPC (BA 40, 39; angular, supra marginal) | −54, −42, 39 | 4197 | |
| R | IFC (BA 44, 45; opercularis, middle frontal, insula) | 54, 16, 15 | 7508 | |
| L | IFC (BA 44; opercularis) | −50, 12, 26 | 64 | |
| L | Insula | −32, 18, 6 | 836 | |
| R | Caudate | −12, 18, 5 | 349 | |
| L | Caudate | −12, 12, 6 | 226 | |
| R | Thalamus | 10, −6, 5 | 21 | |
| R | Middle temporal (BA 39) | 48, −20, −7 | 21 | |
| R | Pre-SMA (BA 6) | 16, 13, 66 | 3342 | |
| Anterior cingulate (BA 32) | 3, 49, 17 | |||
| Middle cingulate (BA 24) | 4, 28, 38 | |||
| R | Middle frontal (BA 9) | 24, 52, 32 | 437 | |
| L | Middle frontal (BA 9, 10) | −40, 34, 36 | 127 | |
| ROIs: | R | Pre-SMA (BA 6) | 16, 13, 66 | 2289 |
| Left Pre-SMA (BA 6) | −8, 19, 50 | |||
| R | IFC (BA 44, 45; Opercularis) | 54, 16, 15 | 2502 | |
| R | Caudate | 12, 18, 5 | 1684 | |
| Putamen | 28, 19, 2 | |||
| Pallidum | 18, 9, 3 | |||
| L | Caudate | −12, 12, 6 | 1292 | |
| Putamen | −20, 15, 9 | |||
| Pallidum | −12, 6, 3 | |||
| L | Sub-thalamic nucleus | −8, −12, −6 | 31 | |
| Switch > SwGo (Whole brain) | R | (IPC (BA 40, 39; supra marginal) | 48, −41, 41 | 2950 |
| L | IPC (BA 40, 39; supra marginal) | −45, −42, 48 | 3258 | |
| R | SPC (BA 7) | 30, −62, 57 | 334 | |
| L | SPC (BA 7) | −32, −57, 60 | 533 | |
| R | IFC (BA 44; opercularis) | 55, 13, 12 | 37 | |
| R | IFC (BA 44, 45; triangularis, orbitalis, insula) | 52, 21, 0 | 373 | |
| R | Pre-SMA (BA 6) | 3, 18, 48 | 24 | |
| R | Middle cingulate (BA 23, 31) | 2, −21, 30 | 24 | |
| R | Middle frontal (BA 9) | 30, 6, 58 | 156 | |
| L | Middle frontal (BA 9) | −32, 7, 65 | 28 | |
| ROIs: | R/L | Pre-SMA (BA 6) | 3, 18, 48 | 880 |
| Pre-SMA (BA 6) | −3, 22, 44 | |||
| R | Pre-SMA (BA 6) | 16, 13, 63 | 386 | |
| R | IFC (BA 44, 45; opercularis) | 55, 13, 12 | 1762 | |
| L | LM1 (BA 4) | −54, −17, 32 | 136 | |
| −44, −14, 59 | 28 | |||
| R | Caudate | 10, 19, −1 | 936 | |
| Putamen | 20, 12, −10 | |||
| L | Putamen | −18, 0, 11 | 90 | |
| Putamen | −20, 3, −10 | 38 | ||
| Stop-inhibit > Switch (Whole brain) | R | Middle frontal (BA 8, 9) | 39, 31, 48 | 874 |
| R | SFC (BA 9) | 26, 49, 39 | 181 | |
| R | IFC (BA 44, 45) | 52, 21, 15 | 498 | |
| R | IPC (BA 40, 39; supra marginal, angular) | 58, −51, 32 | 126 | |
| R | Pre-SMA (BA 6; superior medial gyrus) | 6, 25, 57 | 892 | |
| R | Insula | 37, 24, 5 | 18 | |
| R | Occipital (BA 17, 18) | 28, −92, −12 | 121 | |
| R | Occipital (BA 17, 18) | −26, −98, −9 | 52 | |
| Switch > Stop-inhibit (Whole brain) | L | M1 (BA 4a, 4p) | −32, −26, 70 | 783 |
| L | Postcentral (BA 1, 2, 3) | −40, −21, 51 | 743 | |
| R | Cerebellum (VI) | 21, −57, −24 | 165 | |
| Cerebellum (VIII) | 28, −48, −54 | 13 | ||
| R | Postcentral (BA 3b) | 64, 0, 17 | 41 | |
| L | Superior Occipital (BA 19) | −15, −90, 24 | 14 | |
| Common activation of Stop-inhibit and and Switch (Whole brain) | R | Pre-SMA | 3, 18, 48 | 21 |
| R | RIFC (BA 44, 45; triangularis, opercularis) | 52, 21, 0 | 243 | |
| R | Insula | 37, 20, 0 | 161 | |
| R | Mid cingulate cortex (BA 32) | 3, 27, 36 | 63 | |
| R | Middle frontal | 33, 7, 57 | 43 | |
| R | IPC (BA 40, 39; supra marginal, angular) | 48, −41, 41 | 2160 | |
| L | IPC (BA 40, 39; supra marginal, angular) | −52, −39, 39 | 1952 |
Note: It shows significantly activated brain regions during Stop-inhibit and Switch responses using both the whole brain analysis and a priori regions of interest (ROI) analyses. SwGo = “go” trials in the Switch condition; StGo = “go” trials in the Stop condition; Stop-inhibit = successfully stopped trials; L/R = left or right; BA = Brodmann’s areas; IPC = inferior parietal cortex; coordinates (x y z) are in MNI space; SPC = superior parietal cortex; IFC = inferior frontal cortex; Pre-SMA = pre-supplementary motor area; SMA = SMA proper; SFC = superior friontal cortex; M1 = primary motor cortex; ROIs = regions of interest (FDR corrected with p < 0.01).