Figure 8. Anterograde interference.

To determine whether our model could explain this effect, we simulated an experiment in which a 30° visual rotation for 50 trials (the initial learning phase) was followed by a −30° visuomotor rotation for 50 trials (the opposite learning phase). (a) Trial-by-trial change of p_t and x_t averaged across 10 simulations. (b) Activities of each primitive, with a strong white colour indicating high activity. The red line denotes the prospective error, ê_t. Vertical dotted line is drawn at the trial at which the initial learning phase switches to the opposite learning phase. The horizontal dotted line denotes the line on which ê_t=0. (c) Weighting parameters of each primitive. Blue and red colours indicate weighting parameters to compensate for perturbations of positive and negative values, respectively. (d) Comparison of x_t between the initial learning and opposite learning phases. In the opposite learning phase, the negative part of x_t is drawn (red line in a). (e) Trial-by-trial change of x_t in the opposite learning phase. Each dotted line denotes the dependence of x_t on the length of the initial learning phase. (f) Previously reported savings by Sing and Smiath22 (reproduced from a previous study22).